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aṁgam [am gatyādau bā—gan; according to Nir. aṁgaṁ aṁganāt

aṁcanāt vā]

(1) The body.

(2) A limb or member of the body; śeṣāṁganirmāṇavidhau vidhātuḥ

Ku. 1. 33; kleśasyāṁgamadattvā Pt. 5. 32 without undergoing troubles; iti

svapnopamānmasvā kāmānmā gāstadaṁgatāṁ . Ki. 11. 34 do not be

influenced or swayed by them (do not be subject to them).

(3) (a.) A division or department (of any thing), a part or portion, as

of a whole; as saptāṁgaṁ rājyaṁ, caturaṁgaṁ balaṁ,

catuḥṣaṣṭyaṁgaṁ jyotiḥśāstraṁ see the words; gītāṁgānāṁ Pt. 5. 56;

yajñaścetpratiruddhaḥsyādekenāṁgena yajvanaḥ Ms. 11. 11. (Hence)

(b.) A supplementary or auxiliary portion, supplement; ṣaḍaṁgaḥ or

sāṁgaḥ vedaḥ. (c.) A constituent part, essential requisite or component;

sarvairbalāṁgaiḥ R. 7. 59; tadaṁgamagryaṁ maghavan mahākratoḥ R. 3.

46. (d.) An attributive or secondary part; secondary, auxiliary or

dependent member (serving to help the principal one) (opp. pradhāna or

aṁgin); aṁgī raudrarasastatra sarveṁ’gāni rasāḥ punaḥ S. D. 517; atra

svabhāvoktirutprekṣāṁgaṁ Malli. on Ki. 8. 26. (e.) An auxiliary means or

expedient (pradhānopayogī upāyaḥ or upakaraṇaṁ); sarvakāryaśarīreṣu

muktvāṁgaskaṁdhapaṁcakaṁ . maṁtro yodha ivādhīraḥ sarvāṁgaiḥ

saṁvṛtairapi .. Śi. 2. 28–29; See aṁgāṁgi, paṁcāṁga also (the angas of

the several sciences or departments of knowledge will be given under

those words).

(4) (Gram.) A name for the base of a word;

yasmātpratyayavidhistadādipratyaye aṁgaṁ P. I. 4. 13; yaḥ pratyayo

yasmātkriyate tadādiśabdasvarūpaṁ tasminpratyaye pare aṁgasaṁjñaṁ

syāt Sk. The aṁga terminations are those of the nominative, and

accusative singular and dual.

(5) (Drama) (a.) One of the sub-divisions of the five joints or sandhis

in dramas; the mukha has 12, pratimukha 13, garbha 12, vimarṣa 13 and

upasaṁhāra 14, the total number of the angas being thus 64; for details

see the words. (b.) The whole body of subordinate characters.

(6) (Astr.) A name for the position of stars (lagna), See aṁgādhīśa.

(7) A symbolical expression for the number six (derived from the six

Vedāṅgas).

(8) The mind; hiraṇyagarbhāṁgabhuvaṁ muniṁ hariḥ Śi. 1. 1, See

aṁgaja also. –gaḥ (pl.) N. of a country and the people inhabiting it, the

country about the modern Bhagalpur in Bengal. [It lay on the south of

Kauśikī Kachchha and on the right bank of the Ganges. Its capital was

Champa, sometimes called Angapuri, Lomapādapuri, Karṇapurī or Mālini.

According to Daṇḍin (aṁgeṣu gaṁgātaṭe bahiścaṁpāyāḥ) and Hiouen

Thsang it stood on the Ganges about 24 miles west of a rocky island.

General Cunningham has shown that this description applies to the hill

opposite Patharghata, that it is 24 miles east of Bhagalpur, and that there

are villages called Champanagar and Champapura adjoining the last.

According to Sanskrit poets the country of the Angas lay to the east of

Girivraja the capital of Magadha and to the north-east or south-east of

Mithila. The country was in ancient times ruled by Karṇa.] –a.

(1) Contiguous.

(2) Having members or divisions.

— Comp.

–aṁgi, –aṁgībhāvaḥ [aṁgasya aṁgino bhāvaḥ] the relation of a

limb to the body, of the subordinate to the principal, or of that which is

helped or fed to the helper or feeder (gauṇamukhyabhāvaḥ,

upakāryopakārakabhāvaśca); e. g. prayāja and other rites are to darśa as

its angas, while darśa is to them the aṅgī; aṁgāṁgibhāvamajñātvā

kathaṁ sāmarthyanirṇayaḥ . paśya ṭiṭṭibhamātreṇa samudro vyākulīkṛtaḥ

.. H. 2. 149; atra vākye samāsagatayorupamayoḥ sādhyasādhanabhāvāt

-vena saṁbaṁdhaḥ Malli. on Ki. 6. 2;

aviśrāṁtijuṣāmātmanyaṁgāṁgitvaṁ tu saṁkaraḥ K. P. 10

(anugrāhyānugrāhakatvaṁ). –adhipaḥ, –adhīśaḥ 1. lord of the Angas, N.

of Karṇa (cf. -rājaḥ, -patiḥ, -īśvaraḥ, -adhīśvaraḥ). 2. ‘lord of a lagnaṁ,

the planet presiding over it; (aṁgādhipe balini sarvavibhūtisaṁpat;

aṁgādhīśaḥ svagehe budhagurukavibhiḥ saṁyuto vīkṣito vā Jyotisha).

–apūrvaṁ effect of a secondary sacrificial act.

–karman -n. kriyā 1. besmearing the body with fragrant cosmetics,

rubbing it &c. Dk. 39. 2. a supplementary sacrificial act.

–grahaḥ spasm; seizure of the body with some illness.

–ja –jāta a. [aṁgāt jāyate jan-ḍa.] produced from or on the body,

being in or on the body, bodily; -jaṁ rajaḥ, -jāḥ alaṁkārāḥ &c. 2.

produced by a supplementary rite. 3. beautiful, ornamental. (–jaḥ) —

janus also 1. a son. 2. hair of the body (n also); tavottarīyaṁ karicarma

sāṁgajaṁ Ki. 18. 32. 3. love, cupid (aṁgaṁ manaḥ tasmājjātaḥ);

intoxicating passion; aṁgajarāgadīpanāt Dk. 161. 4. drunkenness,

intoxication. 5. a disease. (

–jā) a daughter. (

–jaṁ) blood.

–jvaraḥ [aṁgamaṁgaṁ adhikṛtya jvaraḥ] the disease called

rājayakṣmā, a sort of consumption.

–dvīpaḥ one of the six minor Dvīpas.

–nyāsaḥ [aṁgeṣu maṁtrabhedasya nyāsaḥ] touching the limbs of

the body with the hand accompanied by appropriate Mantras.

–pāliḥ f. [aṁgaṁ pālyate saṁbadhyate ‘tra, aṁga-pāl-i] an

embrace (probably a corruption of aṁkapāli). –pālikā = aṁkapāli q. v.

–pratyaṁgaṁ [samā. dvaṁdva] every limb, large and small; -gāni

pāṇinā spṛṣṭvā K. 167, 72.

–prāyaścittaṁ [aṁgasya śuddhyarthaṁ prāyaścittaṁ] expiation of

bodily impurity, such as that caused by the death of a relative, consisting

in making presents (paṁcaśūnājanyaduritakṣayārthaṁ kāryaṁ

dānarūpaṁ prāyaścittaṁ Tv.).

–bhūḥ a. [aṁgāt manaso vā bhavati; bhū-kvip] born from the body

or mind. (

–bhūḥ) 1. a son. 2. Cupid. 3. [aṁgānāṁ aṁgamaṁtrāṇāṁ bhūḥ

sthānaṁ] one who has touched and purified, and then restrained, his

limbs by repeating the Mantras pertaining to those limbs;

brahmāṁgabhūrbrahmaṇi yojitātmā Ku. 3. 15 (sadyojātādimaṁtrāṇāṁ

aṁgānāṁ hṛdayādimaṁtrāṇāṁ bhūḥ sthānaṁ, kṛtamaṁtranyāsaḥ Malli.).

–bhaṁgaḥ 1. palsy or paralysis of limbs; -vikala iva bhūtvā

sthāsyāmi S. 2. 2. twisting or stretching out of the limbs (as is done by a

man just after he rises from sleep); sāṁgabhaṁgamutthāya Vb.;

jṛṁbhitaiḥ sāṁgabhaṁgaiḥ Mu. 3. 21, K. 85.

–maṁtraḥ N. of a Mantra.

–mardaḥ [aṁgaṁ mardayati; mṛd ṇic] 1. one who shampoos his

master’s body. 2. [bhāve ghañ] act of shampooing; so -mardakā or –

mardin, mṛṭ-ṇic ṇvul or ṇini) one who shampoos.

–marṣaḥ [ṣa. ta.] rheumatism; -praśamanaṁ the curing of this

disease.

–yajñaḥ, –yāgaḥ [aṁgībhūtaḥ yajñaḥ] a subordinate sacrificial act

which is of 5 sorts: samidho yajati, tanūnapātaṁ yajati, iḍo yajati,

barhiryajati, svāhākāraṁ yajati iti paṁcavidhāḥ . eteṣāṁ

sakṛdanaṣṭhānenaiva taṁtranyāyena

pradhānayāgānāmāgneyādīnāmupakāriteti mīmāṁsā Tv.

–raktaḥ –ktaṁ [aṁge avayave raktaḥ] N. of a plant guḍārocanī

found in kāṁpilya country and having red powder (raktāṁgalocanī). —

rakṣakaḥ [aṁgaṁ rakṣati; rakṣ-ṇvul] a body-guard, personal attendant

Pt. 3.

–rakṣaṇī [aṁgaṁ rakṣyate ‘nayā] a coat of mail, or a garment. (

–ṇaṁ) protection of person.

–rāgaḥ [aṁgaṁ rajyate anena karaṇe ghañ] 1. a scented

cosmetic, application of perfumed unguents to the body, fragrant

unguent; puṣpagaṁdhena aṁgarāgeṇa R. 12. 27, 6. 60, Ku. 5. 11. 2.

[bhāve lyuṭ] act of anointing the body with unguents.

–ruhaṁ [aṁge rohati; ruh kvip sa. ta.] hair;

vihaṁgarājāṁgaruhairivāyataiḥ Śi. 1. 7.

–lipiḥ f. written character of the Angas.

–lepaḥ [aṁgaṁ lipyate anena; lipkaraṇe ghañ] 1. a scented

cosmetic. 2. [bhāve ghañ] act of anointing.

–loḍyaḥ (ety. ?) a kind of grass, ginger or its root, Amomum

Zingiber.

–vikala a. [tṛ. ta.] 1. maimed, paralysed. 2 fainting, swooning.

–vikṛtiḥ f. 1. change of bodily appearance; collapse. 2. [aṁgasya

vikṛtiścālanādiryasmāt paṁ. ba.] an apoplectic fit, swooning, apoplexy

(apasmāra). –vikāraḥ a bodily defect.

–vikṣepaḥ 1. movement of the limbs; gesticulation. 2. a kind of

dance.

–vidyā [aṁgarūpā vyākaraṇādiśāstrarūpā vidyā jñānasādhanaṁ]

1. the science of grammar &c. contributing to knowledge. 2. the science

of foretelling good or evil by the movements of limbs; N. of chapter 51 of

Bṛhat Samhitā which gives full details of this science; na

nakṣatrāṁgavidyayā … bhikṣāṁ lipsetakarhicit Ms. 6. 50.

–vidhiḥ [aṁgasya pradhānopakāriṇaḥ vidhiḥ vidhānaṁ] a

subordinate or subsidiary act subservient to a knowledge of the principal

one (pradhānavidhividheyakarmaṇoṁgabodhakatayā aṁgavidhiḥ). –vīraḥ

chief or principal hero.

–vaikṛtaṁ [aṁgena aṁgaceṣṭayā vaikṛtaṁ hṛdayabhāvo jñāpyate

yatra bahu.] 1. a sign, gesture or expression of the face leading to a

knowledge of internal thoughts (ākāra). 2. a nod, wink. 3 changed bodily

appearance.

–vaiguṇyaṁ a defect or flaw in the performance of some

subordinate or subsidiary act which may be expiated by thinking of

Viṣṇu); śrāddhādipaddhatau karmāṁte yatkiṁcidaṁgavaiguṇyaṁ jātaṁ

taddoṣapraśamanāya viṣṇusmaraṇamahaṁ kariṣye ityabhilāpavākyaṁ

Tv.).

–saṁskāraḥ, –saṁskriyā [aṁgaṁ saṁskriyate anena; kṛ-karaṇe

or bhāve-ghañ] 1. embellishment of person, personal decoration, doing

whatever secures a fine personal appearance, such as bathing, rubbing

the body, perfuming it with cosmetics &c. 2. [kartari aṇ] one who

decorates or embellishes the person.

–saṁhatiḥ f. compactness, symmetry; body; stheyasīṁ

dadhatamaṁgasaṁhatiṁ Ki. 13. 50; or strength of the body.

–saṁgaḥ bodily contact, union; coition.

–sevakaḥ a personal attendant, body-guard.

–skaṁdhaḥ [karma.] a subdivision of a science.

–sparśaḥ fitness or qualification for bodily contact or being

touched by others.

–hāniḥ f. 1. a defect or flaw in the performance of a secondary or

subsidiary act (= -vaiguṇyaṁ); daivād bhramāt pramādāccedaṁgahāniḥ

prajāyate . smaraṇādeva tadviṣṇoḥ saṁpūrṇaṁ syāditi śrutiḥ .. –hāraḥ

[aṁgaṁ hriyate itastataḥ cālyate yatra, hṛ-ādhāre or bhāve ghañ]

gesticulation, movements of the limbs, a dance; saṁsaktairaguruvaneṣu

sāṁgahāraṁ Ki. 7. 37, Ku. 7. 91.

–hāriḥ [aṁgaṁ hriyate ‘tra; hṛ-bā-ṇi] 1. gesticulation. 2. stage;

dancing-hall.

–hīna a. [tṛ. ta.] 1. mutilated, deprived of some limb, crippled. 2.

having some defective limb (aṁgaṁ hīnaṁ yathocitapramāṇāt alpaṁ

yasya); according to Suśruta a man is so born, if the mother’s dohada has

not been duly fulfilled (sā prāptadaurhṛdā putraṁ janayeta guṇānvitam .

alabdhadaurhṛdā garbhe labhetātmani vā bhayam .. yeṣu

yeṣviṁdriyārtheṣu daurhṛde vai vimānanā . jāyate

tatsutasyārtistasmiṁstasmiṁstatheṁdriye).

f. failure, adversity

f. particular evil spirits (who frustrate the good intentions and disturb

the happiness of man)

arāti “a-rāti” f. (is) m. an enemy

arāti “a-rāti” f. (in arithm.) the number six (there being six sins or

internal enemies cf. “ṣaḍ-varga”).

Böhtlingk und Roth: Großes Petersburger Wörterbuch

arāti (3. a + rāti) 1) f. a) “Ungunst, malignitas”; a) persönlicher Wesen:

“Kargheit, Härte, Uebelwollen”; b) der Verhältnisse: “Misslingen,

Ungemach.” Auch im pl. gebraucht. mā no arātirīśata devasya martyasya

ca. parṣi tasyā uta dviṣaḥ.. ṚV. 2, 7, 2. abhyā tapanti māghānyaryo

vanuṣāmarātayaḥ 7, 83, 5. nyarātī rarāvṇāṁ viśvā aryo arātīrito

yucchantvāmuraḥ 8, 39, 2. ni vo nu manyurviśatāmarātiḥ 10, 34, 14.

nudannarātiṁ paripanthinaṁ mṛgam AV. 3, 15, 1. ṚV. 9, 79, 3. AV. 2, 7,

4. 3, 31, 1. 10, 5, 36. 11, 8, 21. 19, 31, 11. bhūtāya tvā nārātaye ŚAT. BR.

1, 1, 2, 20. apa kṣudhaṁ nudatāmarātim TAITT. BR. 3, 1, 1, 14. — b)

Bezeichnung sowohl einer “Unholdin, welche die guten Bestrebungen der

Menschen vereitelt und ihre Wohlfahrt stört”, als “einer Mehrzahl

schädlicher Unholde.” ā no bhara mā pari ṣṭhā arāte mā no

rakṣīrdakṣiṇāṁ nīyamānām. namo vīrtsāyā asamṛddhaye namo

astvarātaye.. AV. 5, 7, 1 (vgl. das ganze Lied). ārādarātiṁ nirṛtiṁ paro

grāhiṁ kravyādaḥ piśācān 8, 2, 12. śūnyaiṣī nirṛte yājaganthottiṣṭhārāte

pra pata meha raṁsthāḥ 14, 2, 19. 1, 18, 1. 6, 124, 3. 12, 3, 17. atrā

puraṁdhirajahādarātīrmade somasya mūrā amūraḥ ṚV. 4, 26, 7. sasantu

tyā arātayo bodhantu śūra rātayaḥ 1, 29, 4. viśvā agne ‘pa dahārātīḥ 7, 1,

7. mānta sthurno arātayaḥ 10, 57, 1. 1, 43, 8. 116, 21. 2, 23, 9. 9, 97, 10.

10, 85, 32. 174, 2. VS. 1, 7. 11. 14. 16. 29. 5, 26. kṛṇomi bhaginaṁ māpa

drāntvarātayaḥ AV. 6, 129, 1. 2, 10, 7. 3, 1, 1. 2, 1. 5, 23, 2. 12, 2, 45. 13,

1, 20. 19, 50, 3. pratyuṣṭaṁ rakṣaḥ pratyuṣṭā arātayaḥ ŚAT. BR. 1, 1, 2,

2. avadhūtaṁ rakṣo ‘vadhūtā arātayaḥ 4, 4. apa dveṣāṁsi nudatāmarātīḥ

TAITT. BR. 3, 1, 1, 13. — 2) in der spätern Sprache m. in der Bedeutung

“Feind” AK. 2, 8, 1, 11. 3, 4, 14, 86. H. 729. PAÑCAT. III, 10. HIT. I, 203.

77, 7. RAGH. 12, 89. PRAB. 16, 15 (ārātayaḥ gegen das Metrum). 117,

11. 17. Vgl. ari.

Cappeller, Carl: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, based upon the St.

Petersburg Lexicons. Strassburg : 1891

arāti f. envy, jealousy (lit. the not giving), enmity; concr. enemy, foe.

Macdonell, Arthur Anthony: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. London : 1893

arāti a-rāti, f. disfavour, enmity; fiend; m. foe.

Bhaṭṭācārya: Vācaspatyam (6 Vol). Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series 94,

reprint of the 1873-1884 edition. Varanasi : 1962

arāti pu° na rāti dadāti sukhaṁ rā + ktic na° ta° . 1 śatrau . deśaḥ,

so’yamarātiśoṇitajalairyasmin hradāḥ pūritāḥ veṇī° ariśabde vivṛtiḥ .

jyotiṣokte 2 ṣaṣṭhasthāne . ārativraṇayoḥ ṣaṣṭhe aṣṭame

mṛtyurandhrayoḥ ityakteḥ ṣaṣṭhasthāne

arikṛtaśubhāśubhacintanīyayatvāttathātvam kāmādiṣvāntararipuṣu 4

ṣaṭsaṁkhyāyāṁ kāmādīnāmāntararipūṇāṁ saṁkhyāsāmyāt . 5

abhigamanaśīle ca mā ghānyaryovanuṣāmarātayaḥ ṛ° 7, 83, 5, . viśvā

agnau arātīḥ ṛ° 8, 49, 2, arātīḥ abhigamanaśīlāḥ śatravovā bhā° bhāve

ktin abhāve na° ta° . 6 dānāmāve strī mā no arātirīśata ṛ° 2, 7, 2 .

arātiradānam śatrurvā vede śatrau arātiśabdaḥ strī bhā° . arātirivācarati .

ātmanaḥ aramicchati kyac arātīyati . śatrutulyamacarati tadicchati

yetyarthe . ya ukta yajamane yārātīyati śata° vrā° . yo’smabhyamarātīyāt

yaju° 11, 80 .

arātiḥ [na rāti dadāti sukhaṁ, rā-ka, na. ta.]

(1) An enemy, foe; deśaḥ soyamarātiśoṇitajalairyasminhradāḥ pūritāḥ

Ve. 3. 31; (in the Veda) non-offering (of sacrifices), stinginess, hardness,

malignity, malevolence, failure or adversity; malignity personified; evil

spirit whose aim it was to defeat the good intentions and disturb the

happiness of man (used in f.).

(2) The number six.

(3) The sixth position (in astronomy).

— Comp.

–dūṣaṇa, –dūṣi, –ha a. Ved. destroying adversities or enemies.

–bhaṁgaḥ destruction of enemies.

Rādhākāntadeva: Śabdakalpadruma (5 Vol). Third edition, reprint of the

1886 edition. Varanasi : 1967

arātiḥ puṁ, (na rāti dadāti sukhaṁ, rā + ktic, nañsamāsaḥ .) śatruḥ .

ityamaraḥ ..

(arātivikramālokavikasvaravilocanaḥ . iti sāhityadarpaṇe .

anekayuddhavijayī sandhānaṁ yasya gacchati .

tatprabhāvena tasyāśu vaśaṁ gacchantyarātayaḥ .. iti pañcatantre .)

ari mfn. ( “ṛ”), attached to faithful

ari m. a faithful or devoted or pious man

ari “a-ri” mfn. ( “rā”; = “ari”1, assiduous, &c., Gnm.), not liberal,

envious, hostile (“is”) m. an enemy &c.

ari “a-ri” mfn. (“aris”) m. id. , (in astron.) a hostile planet

mfn. N. of the sixth astrological mansion (in arithm.) the number six

(cf. “arāti”)

mfn. a species of Khadira or Mimosa

Apte, Vaman Shivaram: The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Poona :

1890

ari a. [ṛ-in] Moving, going, reaching; obtaining, aspiring, devoted to,

zealous (Ved.). –riḥ

(1) An enemy, foe (cf. Uṇ. 4. 138); (used in the Veda like an adjective

in the sense of ‘ungenerous’, ‘malicious’, ‘not worshipping or devoted,’

‘hostile’); vijitāripuraḥsaraḥ R. 1. 59, 61; 4. 4.

(2) An enemy of mankind (said of the six feelings which disturb man’s

mind); kāmaḥ krodhastathā lobho madamohau ca matsaraḥ;

kṛtāriṣaḍvargajayena Ki. 1. 9.

(3) A species of khadira or Mimosa (viṭkhadira).

(4) N. of the number six (from the six enemies).

(5) N. of a condition in astronomy.

(6) Any part of a carriage.

(7) A wheel.

(8) A lord, master.

(9) The wind. (10) A pious or religious man.

— Comp.

–karṣaṇa a. tamer or subduer of enemies.

–kulaṁ 1. a host of enemies. –2. an enemy.

–gūrta a. Ved. ready for the destruction of enemies; praised by

devoted men or worshippers.

–ghnaḥ destroyer of enemies.

–ciṁtanaṁ, –ciṁtā schemes directed against enemies;

administration of foreign affairs.

–tra a. protecting from enemies.

–dhāyas a. possessed by lords only (i. e. very precious).

–naṁdana a. ‘an enemy’s joy’, affording triumph to an enemy.

–nipātaḥ invasion made by enemies.

–bhadraḥ the foremost or most powerful enemy; R. 14. 31.

–mardaḥ ‘crushing enemies’ N. of a plant (kāmamarda). —

mardana a. crushing or trampling foes, destroying enemies.

–medaḥ N. of a tree (viṭkhadira); N. of a country; Bṛ. S. 14. 2.

–medakaḥ N. of an insect bred in excrement.

–sthānakaṁ consternation, defeat.

–sūdanaḥ, –han, –hiṁsakaḥ destroyer of enemies; R. 9. 18.

Böhtlingk und Roth: Großes Petersburger Wörterbuch

ari (von ar) 1) adj. (“aufstrebend) verlangend, begierig, anhänglich”

(decl. wie 2. ari): vanema pūrvīraryo manīṣā ṚV. 1, 70, 1. aryo didhiṣvo3

vibhṛtrāḥ 71, 3. taṁ nākamaryo agṛbhītaśociṣaṁ ruśatpippalaṁ maruto vi

dhūnutha 5, 54, 12. sute sute nyokase bṛhadbṛhata edariḥ. indrāya

śūṣamarcati.. 1, 9, 10. (ā yāhi) arya āśiṣa upa no haribhyām 3, 43, 2.

aryo vā giro abhyarca vidvān 10, 148, 3. 1, 122, 14. vācā viprāstarata

vācamaryaḥ 10, 42, 1. 28, 1. tatsu no viśve arya ā sadā gṛṇanti kāravaḥ

6, 45, 33. gāvo yavaṁ prayutā aryo akṣan 10, 27, 8. vṛkāyāraye jasuraye

6, 13, 5. 1, 184, 1. 185, 9. 6, 25, 7. 8, 34, 10. 61, 16. Vgl. svari. — 2)

“Rad” m. TRIK. 2, 8, 48. n. H. 755 (v. l.: m.). Sch.: arāḥ santyasminnariḥ

(sic); hiernach vielleicht n. arin.

ari (3. a + ri von rā) ved. acc. arim und aryam, gen. abl. und nom. acc. pl.

aryas. 1) adj. a) “knickerig, karg, missgünstig”; gegen die (Götter)

“unfromm”: vi ca naśanna iṣo arātayo ‘ryo naśanta saniṣanta no dhiyaḥ

ṚV. 9, 79, 1. uta svasyā arātyā arirhi ṣa utānyasyā arātyā vṛko hi ṣaḥ 3. ā

pavamāna no bharāryo adāśuṣo gayam 23, 3. spardhante rāyo aryaḥ 6,

14, 3. taranto aryo arātīrvanvanto aryo arātīḥ 16, 27. aghā aryo arātayaḥ

48, 16. abhi caṣṭe sūro arya evān 51, 2. 1, 73, 5. 6, 20, 1. 36, 5. 47, 9. 59,

8. 8, 39, 2. 10, 133, 3. VĀLAKH. 3, 9. — b) “feindselig”, subst. “Feind”:

(aśvam) aryo abhibhūtim ṚV. 1, 118, 9. aryaḥ parasyāntarasya taruṣaḥ 6,

15, 3. trātāro bhūta pṛtanāsvaryaḥ 7, 56, 22. tiro aryo havanāni śrutaṁ

naḥ 68, 2. abhyā tapanti māghānyaryo vanuṣāmarātayaḥ 83, 5. (vahantu

tvā harayaḥ) tiraścidaryaṁ savanāni vṛtrahannanyeṣāṁ yā śatakrato 8,

33, 14. 1, 169, 6. 2, 8, 2. 6, 14, 3. 7, 34, 18. 8, 1, 4. 48, 8. 49, 12. 54, 9.

55, 12. In samarīrvidām VS. 6, 36 scheint arīḥ nom. sg. zu sein. In der

spätern Sprache ist ari m. “Feind” in sehr häufigem Gebrauch. Uṇ. 4, 140.

AK. 2, 8, 1, 10. 2, 63. H. 728. M. 3, 138. 144. 230. 7, 73. 102. 104. 158.

172. 173. 175. 181. 185. 194. 195. 198. 210. 9, 275. 11, 32. 33. N. 12, 34.

HIT. I, 52. RAGH. 1, 59. 61. 4, 4. in der Astrol. Ind. St. 2, 285. arikarṣaṇa

N. 12, 16. arihan 36. RAGH. 9, 23. arinandana HIT. II, 6. Am Ende eines

comp. H. 10. Vgl. arāti. — 2) m. “eine Mimosa – Art” (khadirapatrikā, dālī,

saṁdānikā) RĀJAN. im ŚKDR.

ari (wie eben) m. “Feind”: hantvenānpra dahatvariryo naḥ pṛtanyati AV.

13, 1, 29. apehyarirasyarirvā asi viṣe viṣamapṛkthāḥ 7, 88, 1.

ari 2) na nābhibhaṅge hyarayo vahanti Spr. 2420. = cakra “Discus” BHĀG.

P. 3, 19, 15. 5, 7, 7. 6, 8, 10. 10, 66, 13. 18. WEBER, RĀMAT. UP. 327. fg.

In allen Stellen, mit Ausnahme der ersten, im comp. oder im instr., so

dass das Geschlecht und die Form des Wortes (ob ari oder arin) nicht

erkannt werden kann. Der Schol. zu BHĀG. P. 3, 19, 15: ari cakram. Nach

GOLD. soll die Bomb. Ausg. des TRIK. ari smṛtam lesen und

VALLABHAGAṆI die Form arin n., wie wir vermuthet hatten, annehmen.

ari 1) m. “Feind” in astrol. Sinne: -bha “das Haus eines feindlichen

Planeten” VARĀH. BṚH. S. 104, 53. -gṛha BṚH. 10, 4. -bhāṁśa =

śatrunavāṁśaka 8, 6. — 3) in der Astrol. Bez. “des 6ten Hauses” VARĀH.

BṚH. S. 78, 25. BṚH. 1, 15. 6, 6. 11. 17.

Benfey, Theodor: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. London : 1866

ari ari, m.

1. probably a-rā (+ i?) An enemy, Pañc. i. d. 267.

2. ṛ + i, A wheel, Pañc. i. d. 324.

— Comp. dānava-, m. an enemy of the Dānavas.

Cappeller, Carl: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, based upon the St.

Petersburg Lexicons. Strassburg : 1891

ari [1] a. eager, devoted, faithful.

ari [2] a. greedy (lit. not giving), impious, envious, hostile, adverse. m.

enemy.

Macdonell, Arthur Anthony: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. London : 1893

ari ar-i, a. 1. faithful, pious; 2. (a-ri, not giving) hostile; m. enemy: –

karṣaṇa, m. harasser of foes.

Bhaṭṭācārya: Vācaspatyam (6 Vol). Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series 94,

reprint of the 1873-1884 edition. Varanasi : 1962

ari pu° ṛ–in . 1 śatrau 2 rathāṅge, cakre, 3 viṭkhadire, 4

kāmakrodhalobhamohamadamātsaryeṣu ṣaṭsu, tatsaṁkhyāsāmyāt 5

ṣaṭsaṁkhyāyāṁ, 6 jyotiṣaprasiddhe lagnāvadhike ṣaṣṭhasthāne 7 īśvare

ca . tatra śatrau dūrātpraśamitāribhiḥ vijitāripuraḥ puraḥ raghuḥ .

nārīṇāmanukūlamācarasi cejjānāsi kā° pra° arikariharaṇārtham līlā° .

nāriṁ na mitraṁ yaṁ vidyāttaṁ śrāddhebhojayet dvijam manuḥ . cakre

gadārikhaḍ ga padmadhṛk viṣṇudhyānam . kāmādau

kṛtāriṣaḍavargajayena kirā° . īśvare aridhāmaś śabde u° viṭkhari

arimedaḥ . sitāsitau candramaso na kaścit budhaḥ śaśī saumyasitau

ravīnda . ravīndubhaumā ravitastvamitrā iti jyotiṣokteṣu ravyādīnāṁ 8

śukramandādiṣu . yathā raveḥ śukraśanī, kujasya budhaḥ, budhasya śaśī,

guroḥ budhaśukrau śukrasya ravicandrau śaneḥ ravicandrabhaumāḥ .

nīcasthite’rigehage’tha parājite vā jīve bhṛgau bratavidhau

smṛtikarmahīnaḥ jyoti° ete ca naisargikā arayaḥ tātkālikāstu

caturthadaśavittāntyavināśasthāḥ parasparam . tatkālamitrāṇyuccasthaḥ

kaiścidukto’nyayā ripuḥ jyotiṣokteḥ tatkāle tattadrāśisthagrahāpekṣayā 2,

3, 4, 10, 11, 12 sthānabhinneṣu 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 sthāneṣu sthitāḥ grahāḥ

tathāhi karmakāle ye grahā yatra rāśau tiṣṭhanti teṣāṁ yadapekṣayā 1, 5,

6, 7, 8, 9, sthāna sthā grahāste teṣāṁ tatkālikārayo bhavanti taeva grahā

yadi naisargikaripavastadā adhiśatravaḥ naisargikasamāścet ripavaḥ, iti

bhedaḥ . yathoktaṁ hitasamaripusaṁjñā ye nisarge niruktāḥ

adhihitahitamadhyāste’pi tatkālamitraiḥ . ripusamasuhṛdākhyā ye

nisargopadiṣṭā adhiripuripumadhyāḥ śatrubhiścintanīyā itirājabhā° .

nisargasamāśca budhaḥkujejyāsphujidarkaputrāḥ śukrārkajau,

bhaumasurejyamandāḥ, . śaniḥ, kujajyau, surarājamantro ravyādito’mī

samasaṁ jñitāḥ syuḥ ityuktāḥ yathāraveḥ budhaḥ, candrasya

kujaguruśukraśanayaḥ . kujasya śukraśanī, budhasya kujaguruśanayaḥ .

guroḥ śaniḥ, śukrasya kujagurū śaneḥ guruḥ, eteṣāṁ krameṇaite samāsta

eva samā api tātkālikaripavaścet ripava iti avagantavyam . eteṣāṁ

valajñānārthaṁ tattat saṁjñā tayāhi adhimitragṛhe 22 . 30 kalā balama

mitragṛhe15 kalāḥ, samagṛhe 11 . 45 kalāḥ śatrugehe 7 . 3 kalāḥ

adhiśatra gṛhe 3 . 45 kalābalam . mūlaṁ jātakādau dṛśyam .

naisargikarigutā tu sarvakāryamātre iti bhedaḥ . etacca

jātoktagrahādibalajñānopayogi . tājake tu dṛṣṭiḥ syānnamapañcame

balavatī pratyakṣataḥ snehadā pādonā (45 kalāḥ)

‘khilakāryasādhaṁnakarī melāpakākhyocyate . guptasnehakarī

tṛtīyabhavane kāryasya saṁsiddhidā tryaśonā kathitā (40 kalāḥ)

tṛtīyabhavane ṣaḍbhāgadṛṣṭirbhave (10kalāḥ) . dṛṣṭiḥ pādamitā (15 kalāḥ)

caturthadaśame guptārimāvā smṛtā’nyonyaṁ saptamabhe

tathaikabhavane pratyakṣavairākhilā (60 kalāḥ) iti dṛṣṭiviśeṣamabhidhāya

paśyanmitradṛśā (3, 5, 9, 11,) suhṛt, ripudṛśā (1, 4, 7, 10) śatraḥ .

samastvanyathā 2, 6, 8, 12, iti nīla° uktadiśātātkālikamitrādi . tena

svāpekṣapyā 1, 4, 7, 10, sthānasthā grahāḥ ripavaḥ . tatra

svasvādhikāroktabalaṁ suhṛdbhe pādonamardhaṁ samabhe’ribhe’ṅghraḥ

nīla° . rāhonisargaripavastu sūryaḥśaśāṅko dharaṇīsutaśca rāho ripuḥ

ityuktā jñeyāḥ . tatkālikāstuprāguktadiśā jñeyāḥ ketostu śukraśanī

vipakṣau ityuktau jñeyau . jātake ṣaṣṭhasthāne ṣaṣṭhe ca kṣatavidviṣau

ityuktau cintanīyau . tājake tu ripau

mātulamāndyāricatuṣpādbandhanīvraṇā iti nīla° tājakoktāḥ cintanīyāḥ . 8

tantrokte mantrabhede . tathāhi ṣoḍaśakoṣṭhātmake siddhādicakre

catuścatuḥkāṣṭhādikrameṇa siddhaḥ, sādhyaḥ susiddhaḥ aririti saṁjñā .

tatrāpi teṣu catuḥkoṣṭhātmakeṣu pratyekaṁ caturthaṁ koṣṭhamapi

arisaṁjñaṁ tathā ca pañcamakoṣṭhaṁ saptamakoṣṭhaṁ

trayodaśakoṣṭhaṁ ekādaśaṁkoṣṭham dvādaśaṁ pañcadaśaṁ

koṣṭhaṁṣoḍaśaṁ ceti saptakamarisaṁjñaṁ tasyārisaṁjñakatvāt

tatrasthavarṇā apyarisaṁjñāḥ . ṣoḍaśakoṣṭhasthavarṇeṣu madhye

sādhakanāmākṣaraṁ yatra tiṣṭhati tasyaiṁvāditvaṁ prakalpya

dakṣiṇāvartena sarbatra caturṣu catuḥkoṣṭhātmakeṣu gaṇanā tathā ca

prathamādikoṣṭhasthākṣarādiko mantraḥ siddhādināmabhāk . yathā

ādyakoṣṭhacatuṣṭaye prathame 1 siddhasiddhaḥ 2 dvitīye siddhasādhyaḥ .

tṛtīye 3 siddhasusiddhaḥ 4 caturthe siddhāriḥ . dvitīyakoṣṭhacatuṣke ādye

sādhyasiddhaḥ dbitīye sādhyasādhyaḥ . tṛtoye sādhyasusiddhaḥ caturthe

sādhyāriḥ . tṛtīyakoṣṭhacatuṣṭaye ādye susiddhasiddhaḥ

dvitīyesusiddhasādhyaḥ . tṛtīve susiddhasusiddhaḥ caturthe susiddhāriḥ .

caturthakoṣṭhacatuṣke ādye arisiddhaḥ . dvitīye arimādhyaḥ tṛtīye

arisusiddhaḥ caturthe aryvaririti gaṇanā . etacca

pradarśanamātramuktam kintu sarbatra yatra koṣṭhe

sādhakanāmākṣaraṁ tadārabhyaiva gaṇanā tathāca

sādhakanābhākṣaraṁ yatra tiṣṭhati tatkoṣṭhasyaivāditvaṁ prakalpya

dakṣiṇābartena gaṇane mantrākṣaraṁ yatra tiṣṭhati

tatparyantagaṇanāyāṁ siddhādiṣoḍaśasaṁjñā tathā ca 38 pṛṣṭhe

darśitā’kathahacakrānusāreṇa prathamādisaṁjñā

sādhakanāmākṣārādikalpanayaiva . tataśca siddhādicakrasthakoṣṭhānāṁ

prathamādisaṁkhyā yā uktā sā na niyatā akathahacakraśabde tanmūlaṁ

dṛśyam . arimantraṁ na gṛhlīyāditi tantrama . rājño viṣayānantarasthe 9

nṛpatau . sa ca dvādaśarājacakramadhye ādimūtaḥ yathoktaṁ māgha 2,

81 ślokavyākhyāyāṁ malli° . arirmitramarermitraṁ mitramitramataḥ:

param . arimitrasya mitrañca vijigīṣoḥ purasmarāḥ pañcetiśeṣaḥ

pārṣṇigrāhastataḥ paścādākrandastanantaram . āsārāvanayoścaiva

vijigoṣostu pṛṣṭhataḥ pārṣṇigrāhāsāraḥ ākrandāsāraśceti catvāra iti śeṣaḥ

evaṁ nava bhavanti vijigīṣurdaśamaḥ areśca vijigīṣośca madhyamo

bhūmyanntaraḥ . anugrahe saṁhatayoḥ samarthovyastayorbadhe .

maṇḍalādvahireteṣāmudāsīno balādhikaḥ iti madhyamodāsīnābhyāṁ saha

dvādaśa iti . araye sādhu tasmai hitaṁ vā yat . arāyyaṁ tatra sādhvādau

tri° asau yo adharādgṛhastatra santvarāyyaḥ atha° 2, 14, 3, . 10 prerake

tri° ariṣṭutaśabde udā° .

ār (“ā-ṛ”) P. (Subj. 2. sg. “-ṛṇos” ; “ā-ṛṇvati” ; but also Impv. 2. pl.

“iyarta” ; aor. “āratām”, &c.) ā. (3. sg. “ā-ṛṇve” to insert, place in ; to

excite; to bring near, fetch ; to come; to reach, obtain, fall into

(misfortune) &c.; to inflict Caus. “ārpayati”, to cause to partake of ; to

fix, settle, annex; to inflict, injure.

Böhtlingk und Roth: Großes Petersburger Wörterbuch

ār , āryati “preisen”: māmāryanti kṛtena kartvena ca ṚV. 10, 148, 3. ya

āritaḥ karmaṇi karmaṇi sthiraḥ 1, 101, 4. indro yaḥ pūrbhidāritaḥ 8, 33, 5.

NIR. 5, 15. Wird NAIGH. 2, 14 unter den Verben, die “eine Bewegung”

bezeichnen, aufgeführt. Im gaṇa kaṇḍvādi zu P. 3, 1, 27 erscheint āra,

āryati ohne Angabe der Bedeutung.

ār auch ṚV. 8, 16, 6.

Mani, Vettam: Puranic Encyclopaedia. Delhi 1975

ār The significance of the number six among the ancients, is given

below. (In Malayālam Ār means six).

Cappeller, Carl: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, based upon the St.

Petersburg Lexicons. Strassburg : 1891

ār āryati v praise.

Macdonell, Arthur Anthony: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. London : 1893

ār ĀR, IV.P. ār-ya, praise: pp. ārita..

ūrmi mf. (figuratively) wave of pain or passion or grief &c. &c.

mf. “the waves of existence” (six are enumerated, viz. cold and heat

[of the body], greediness and illusion [of the mind], and hunger and thirst

[of life] ; or according to others, hunger, thirst, decay, death, grief,

illusion on

mf. speed, velocity

mf. symbolical expression for the number six

mf. a fold or plait in a garment

mf. line, row

mf. missing, regretting, desire

mf. appearance, becoming manifest ; ([cf. Lith. ‘vil-ni-s’; Old High

Germ. ‘wella’; Mod. Germ. ‘Welle’; Eng. ‘well’.])

Böhtlingk und Roth: Großes Petersburger Wörterbuch

ūrmi (von var “rollen, wälzen”) Uṇ. 4, 45. m. f. TRIK. 3, 5, 17. SIDDH. K.

247, “b”, 1. “Woge, Welle” AK. 1, 2, 3, 5. TRIK. 3, 3, 293. H. 1075. an. 2,

316. MED. m. 3. Das f. nicht zu belegen; instr. ved. auch ūrmyā ṚV. 1,

184, 2. sindhoriva prasvanitāsa ūrmayaḥ 44, 12. 52, 7. 95, 10. 3, 33, 2. 7,

47, 1. 2. ye te sarasva ūrmayo madhumanto ghṛtaścutaḥ 96, 5. yo

dhārayā madhumāṁ ūrmiṇā diva iyarti vācam 9, 68, 8. VS. 6, 27. 10, 2.

AV. 10, 5, 16. pratīpamanya ūrmiryudhyati ved. P. 3, 1, 85, Kār. KĀTY.

ŚR. 15, 4, 23. ŚVETĀŚV. UP. 1, 5. ūrmikṣamā (nau) MBH. 1, 5639. ARJ. 6,

2. R. 3, 27, 10. parivṛttormi (varuṇālaya) 60, 19. 4, 17, 22. 5, 1, 4.

pravṛddhormi RAGH. 5, 61. 12, 85. calormi MEGH. 25. 51. dhārormibhiḥ

MBH. 1, 1299. Bildlich: abhyavarṣanmahāghorairgṛdhrarājaṁ śarormibhiḥ

R. 3, 56, 37. 6, 79, 60. śokormibhiḥ PRAB. 94, 7. śokamohau jarāmṛtyū

kṣutpipāse ṣaḍūrmayaḥ “sechs Wogen” (die dem Lebenslauf sich

entgegenwälzen; WILSON: “human infirmity”) Sch. zu BHĀG. P. im ŚKDR.

ūrmiṣaṭkātigaṁ brahma BRAHMA-P. in LA. 58, 9. VP. 112. Der Soma

heisst madhva ūrmiḥ ṚV. 2, 16, 5. 3, 47, 1. 6, 41, 2. Nach einem Sch. zu

AK. auch ūrmī. Vgl. atyūrmi, anūrmi, ruśadūrmi, sūrmi. — Die Lexicogrr.

haben noch folg. Bedd.: “Andrang” (vega TRIK. MED.), “Eile” (java H.

an.); “schneller Gang” (ativegasamāyuktā gatirūrmiḥ VAIJ. beim Sch. zu

ŚIŚ. 5, 4. Der Text lautet: aśvāḥ pyadhurvasumatīmatirocamānāstūrṇaṁ

payodhaya ivormibhirāpatantaḥ); bhaṅga (“Bruch?”) H. an. MED.; “Falte

im Kleide; Reihe, Linie” (rekhā, lekhā) TRIK. H. an. MED.; “das

Sichtbarwerden” (prakāśa, prākāśya) H. an. MED.; “Schmerz, Pein” (pīḍā

TRIK. H. an. vedanā und pīḍā MED.); “Sehnsucht” (utkaṇṭhā) H. an.;

WILSON überdies: “association; number, quantity.” — Von derselben

Wurzel stammt russian “Woge”, das auch “Wolle” (vgl. ūrṇā) bedeutet.

ūrmi als Bez. “der Zahl sechs” (vgl. Z. 11. fgg. und BHĀG. P. 10, 70, 17)

WEBER, RĀMAT. UP. 308. fg. ātapormi oder ātapasyormiḥ so v. a.

“Gluth” TRIK. 3, 3, 393. H. an. 2, 489. MED. l. 20. ūrmi so v. a. utkarṣa

(nach dem Schol.) TBR. 2, 5, 7, 1.

ūrmi , die sechs “Wogen” aufgezählt Spr. (II) 6470.

Benfey, Theodor: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. London : 1866

ūrmi ūrmi, probably kvṛ + mi, m. and f. A wave, Bhartṛ. 2, 4.

— Comp. kṣīra-, a wave of the sea of milk, Ragh. 4, 27.

Cappeller, Carl: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, based upon the St.

Petersburg Lexicons. Strassburg : 1891

ūrmi m. f. wave, current, flood; metaph. of the (six) human infirmities.

Macdonell, Arthur Anthony: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. London : 1893

ūrmi ūr-mi, m. f. [roller: vṛ] wave, billow: pl. shower (of arrows), sea (of

troubles &c.); gallop; affliction, (six of which assail human life; hunger,

thirst, heat, cold, greed, and error).

Bhaṭṭācārya: Vācaspatyam (6 Vol). Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series 94,

reprint of the 1873-1884 edition. Varanasi : 1962

ūrmi puṁstrī° ṛ–mi–arterucca . 1 taraṅge, vyomagaṅgormivāyubhiḥ

raghuḥ mahormibhirvyāhatavāñchitārthaiḥ 2 prakāśe, 3 vege, 4

vastrasaṅkocarekhāyām, 5 pīḍāyām, 6 utkaṇṭhāyām, 7 bubhukṣādiṣu,

ṣaṭsu dehamanaḥprāṇānāṁ yathāyathaṁ dharmeṣu te ca bubhukṣā ca

pipāsā ca prāṇasya, manasaḥ smṛtau . śokamohau, śarīrasya jarāmṛtyū

ṣaḍūrmayaḥ śā° ti° vibhajyoktāḥ paṅktīkṛtānāmaśvānāṁ

namanonnamanākṛtiḥ . ativegasamāyuktā gatirūrmirudāhṛtā vaijayantyu

ktalakṣaṇāyām 8 aśvagatau strī tūrṇaṁ payodhaya ivormibhirāpatantaḥ

māghaḥ kṣipadbhirurmīnaparairivormibhiḥ māghaḥ pakṣe

ūrmibhiraśvagatibhirityarthaḥ .

ūrmo bhavaḥ yat . ūrmya ūrmibhave tri° rātrau strī niru°

tirastamodadṛśa ūrmyāsu ṛ° 6, 48, 6, ūrmyāsu rātriṣu bhā° . rudrabhede

pu° nama ūrmyāya cāvanyāya ca yaju° 16, 31 .

any action (esp. for sacrifices and other regular worship), right or fit time

m. an epoch, period (esp. a division or part of the year), season (the

number of the divisions of the year is in ancient times, three, five, six,

seven, twelve, thirteen, and twenty-four; in later time six seasons are

enumerated, viz. Vasanta, “spring”; Grīṣma, “the hot season”; Varṣās (f.

nom. pl.), “the rainy season” , “autumn”; Hemanta, “winter”; and śiśira,

“the cool season”; the seasons are not unfrequently personified,

addressed in Mantras, and worshipped by libations) &c. &c.

m. symbolical expression for the number six &c.

m. the menstrual discharge (in women), the time after the courses

(favourable for procreation; according to sixteen days after their

appearance) &c.

m. sexual union at the above time

m. fixed order, order, rule ([])

m. light, splendour

m. a particular mineral

m. N. of a ṛiṣi

m. of the twelfth Manu.

Böhtlingk und Roth: Großes Petersburger Wörterbuch

ṛtu (desselben Ursprungs wie ṛta) m. Uṇ. 1, 71. 1) “bestimmte Zeit,

Zeitpunkt, zugemessene Zeit”: prārannṛtūṁranu “zu ihren Zeiten, ein

Jedes zu seiner Zeit” ṚV. 1, 49, 3. srucā yajātā ṛtubhirdhruvebhiḥ 84, 18.

ṛturjanitrī (ṛturjanitrīya n. “das mit” ṛrtujanitrī “beginnende” Sūkta

ŚĀÑKH. ŚR. 11, 14, 10. 22) “die Zeit (eine bestimmte) ist seine Mutter”

2, 13, 1. mā mātrā śāryapasaḥ pura ṛtoḥ “vor der Zeit” 28, 5. ṛtūṁranyo

vidadhajjāyate punaḥ (der Mond) 10, 85, 18. Namentlich von den

Zeitpunkten des Opfers und anderer regelmässiger Verehrung: veda me

deva ṛtupā ṛtūnām 5, 12, 3. ṛtuṁ naro na pra minantyete 7, 103, 9.

viśvāṁ ṛtunā vaso maha uśandevāṁ uśataḥ pāyaya haviḥ 2, 37, 6. 38, 4.

sa yajñiyo yajatu yajñiyāṁ ṛtūn 10, 11, 1. vidvāṁ ṛtūṁ ṛtupate yajeha 2,

1. 3. 1, 95, 3. AV. 11, 1, 4. Häufig im instr., namentlich pl.: “zu seiner

Zeit, in den rechten Zeiten, zur Opfer – oder Festzeit”; so z. B. ṚV. 1, 15,

1. fgg., wo die Commentatoren eine Personification ganz unpassend

annehmen, wie schon aus dem Wechsel von ṛtunā, ṛtubhiḥ, ṛtūṁranu

hervorgeht; desgleichen 2, 37, 1. fgg. und ähnlich an vielen andern

Stellen. āgandeva ṛtubhirvardhatu kṣayam ṚV. 4, 53, 7. tvamutsāṁ

ṛtubhirbadbadhānāṁ araṁha ūdhaḥ parvatasya 5, 32, 2. (devāḥ)

ṛtubhirhavanaśrutaḥ 6, 52, 10. ṛtubhirṛtupā pāhi somamindra 3, 47, 3.

ṛtubhirṛbhavo mādayadhvam 4, 34, 2. 9, 66, 9. 10, 7, 6.

prāśnantyṛtubhirniṣadya AV. 12, 3, 32. 3, 8, 1. VS. 18, 33. 12, 61. — 2)

“Zeitabschnitt”, insbes. “Jahresabschnitt, Jahreszeit.” Die gewöhnlich

angenommene Zahl der Jahreszeiten ist “fünf”, nämlich Vasanta, Grīṣma,

Varṣā pl., Śarad, Hemanta – Śiśira (so VS. 10, 10. fgg. AV. 8, 9, 15. 13, 1,

18. ŚAT. BR. 1, 3, 5, 11. 6, 2, 2, 3. 11, 1, 1, 26 u.s.w. TS. 4, 3, 3, 1. 2. 5,

3, 1, 2. pañcartavo hemantaśiśirayoḥ samāsena AIT. BR. 1, 1. auch

Varṣā-Śarad werden zusammengef. statt Hemanta-Śiśira ŚAT. BR. 13, 6,

1, 10. 11. mit Weglassung von Śiśira CHĀND. UP. 2, 5, 1), oder “sechs”,

mit Scheidung der beiden letzten, VS. 21, 23. fgg. AV. 12, 1, 36. ŚAT. BR.

1, 7, 2, 21. 2, 4, 2, 24. TS. 5, 1, 5, 2. pañca vā ṛtavaḥ saṁvatsarasya,

yadyu ṣaḍevartavaḥ ŚAT. BR. 4, 5, 5, 12. 8, 5, 1, 14. 21. 22. AK. 1, 1, 3,

12. H. 155. an. 2, 160. MED. t. 6. MBH. 3, 10663. R. 1, 19, 1. 2, 25, 9.

tatra māghādayo dvādaśa māsā dvimāsikamṛtuṁ kṛtvā ṣaḍṛtavo bhavanti.

te śiśiravasantagrīṣmavarṣāśaraddhemantāḥ. SUŚR. 1, 19, 7. 20, 1.

ṣaḍṛtūṁśca namaskuryāt M. 3, 217. Als sechs Männer gedacht, welche

mit goldenen und silbernen Würfeln spielen, MBH. 13, 2368. 2381.

Indessen wird auch die Zahl “sieben” angenommen, sei es durch

Einrechnung des 13ten Monats, sei es als Ausdruck der unbestimmten

Vielheit für “Jahresabschnitte” überhaupt: ahamṛtūṁrajanayaṁ sapta

sākam AV. 6, 61, 2. 8, 9, 18. ŚAT. BR. 8, 5, 1, 15. fgg. 9, 1, 2, 31. 3, 1,

19. 5, 2, 8. oder auch “zwölf”, indem sie mit den “Monaten” gleichgestellt

werden, AV. 11, 6, 22. madhuśca mādhavaśca vāsantikāvṛtū VS. 13, 25.

14, 6. 15. 16. 27. 15, 57. Vgl. Sch. zu P. 4, 3, 19–21. Der Schol. zu

JYOTIS 9 sagt, dass alte Lehrer auch 24 (also “Halbmonate”) und 366

(“Tage”) ṛtu angenommen hätten, LIA. I, 221, N. Endlich werden “drei”

gezählt: trayo vā ṛtavaḥ saṁvatsarasya ŚAT. BR. 14, 1, 1, 28. – VS. 27, 1.

AV. 1, 10, 9. 10. 35, 4. 5, 28, 2. 13. 8, 8, 22. 9, 17. TS. 4, 4, 11, 1. yatha

ṛtava ṛtubhiryanti sādhu ṚV. 10, 18, 5. anta ṛtūnāṁ hemantaḥ ŚAT. BR. 1,

5, 3, 13 (die Buddhisten beginnen mit hemanta BURN. Intr. 569). ṛtavaḥ

samiddhāḥ prajāśca prajanayantyoṣadhīśca pacanti 3, 4, 7. 5, 3, 8.

yathartuliṅgānyṛtavaḥ svayamevartuparyaye. svāni svānyabhipadyante

tathā karmāṇi dehinaḥ.. M. 1, 30. ṛtūnāṁ parivartena R. 2, 105, 23.

rāmaśca sītayā sārdhaṁ vijahāra bahūnṛtūn 1, 77, 25. ṛtavaḥ śiśirādayaḥ

MBH. 14, 1213. ṛtūnāṁ kusumākaraḥ (aham) BHAG. 10, 35. ṛtau “zur

entsprechenden Zeit des Jahres” M. 4, 105. ṛtvante 26. ṛtvantāsu ca

rātriṣu 119. yathartupuṣpitā drumāḥ R. 5, 73, 59. tena

hyṛtusamavāyacihnaṁ pratipadyatāṁ latā kusumam ŚĀK. 108, 10.

ṛtupraiṣa AIT. BR. 5, 9. ŚĀÑKH. ŚR. 7, 8, 2. 10, 7, 8. ṛtupaśu “ein den”

Ṛtu “geweihtes Thier” ŚAT. BR. 13, 5, 4, 28. Collectiv im sg. VS. 39, 6.

Vgl. ṛtuthā, ṛtuśas. — 3) “die Regeln der Weiber”, insbes. “die unmittelbar

darauffolgenden, zur Zeugung günstigen Tage” AK. 3, 4, 64. H. 536. an.

2, 160. MED. t. 6. vyantu devīrya ṛturjanīnām ṚV. 5, 46, 8. KĀTY. ŚR. 5,

2, 21. NIR. 12, 46. SUŚR. 1, 316, 2. 318, 16. 18. MBH. 3, 3402. ṛtuḥ

svābhāvikaḥ strīṇāṁ rātrayaḥ ṣoḍaśa u. s. w. M. 3, 46. fgg.

yathāvidhyadhigamyaināṁ śuklavastrāṁ śucivratām. mitho bhajetā

prasavātsakṛtsakṛdṛtāvṛtau.. 9, 70. 4, 128. YĀJÑ. 1, 11. 79. MBH. 1, 4740.

yathāyamaturbandhyo na bhavati tathā kriyatām 750. ṛturmātuḥ

piturvījaṁ daivataṁ paramaṁ patiḥ 14, 2739. yāvatta kanyāmṛtavaḥ

spṛśanti tulyaiḥ sakāmāmapi yācyamānām. tāvanti bhūtāni hatāni

tābhyāṁ mātāpitṛbhyāmiti dharmavādaḥ.. VIṢṆU in DĀY. 272, 17. ṛtuṣu

naivābhigamanam PAÑCAT. Pr. 8. “der Beischlaf selbst zu dieser Zeit”:

pitre na dadyācchulkaṁ tu kanyāmṛtumatīṁ haran. sa hi

svāmyādatikrāmedṛtūnāṁ pratirodhanāt.. M. 9, 93. ṛtuṁ vai yācamānāyā

na dadāti pumānṛtum. bhrūṇahetyucyate brahmansa iha brahmavādibhiḥ..

MBH. 1, 3456. 3455. sā tvāṁ yāce prasādyāhamṛtuṁ dehi narādhipa

3409. — 4) “bestimmte Folge, Ordnung”: ekastvaṣṭuraśvasyā viśastā dvā

yantārā bhavatastatha ṛtuḥ “es giebt einen Schlächter, zwei Haltende, so

auch eine feste Regel” (für das Zerlegen des Opferpferdes) oder: “so ist

die Regel” ṚV. 1, 162, 19. — 5) “Glanz” MED. t. 6. — 6) “eine bes. Art

Kollyrium” (suvīra) VIŚVA im ŚKDR. — 7) N. pr. des 12ten Manu VP. 268,

N. 8. — Vgl. anṛtu.

ṛtu 2) so v. a. “Monat” WEBER, JYOT. 112. Nax. 2, 341. 351.

“Halbmonat”: bahule ‘pyṛtau JYOT. 30. Bez. “der Zahl sechs” VARĀH.

BṚH. S. 77, 24. 98, 1. Ind. St. 8, 167. — 7) N. pr. eines Ṛṣi Ind.

St.3,210,b.

ṛtu 2) als Bez. “der Zahl sechs” SŪRYAS. 1, 31. 37. 12, 88. — 3) die Zeit

wird BHĀVAPR. 2 auf 16 Tage vom Erscheinen der menses an gerechnet.

Benfey, Theodor: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. London : 1866

ṛtu ṛ + tu, m.

1. Order (ved.).

2. Right time, Chr. 288, 3 = Rigv. i. 49, 3.

3. A season (of the year), Man. 3, 217.

4. The menstrual discharge, MBh. 14, 2739.

5. The season approved for sexual intercourse, Man. 3, 46, sqq.

— Comp. an-, m. wrong season, Man. 4, 104; for sexual intercourse, 5,

153. The aff. tu is a form of tvan and ṛ of ar; the older form would be *

artvan = Lat. ordo, base ordon.

— Cf. [greek] for [greek].

Cappeller, Carl: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, based upon the St.

Petersburg Lexicons. Strassburg : 1891

ṛtu m. right or fixed time, period, epoch, season (mostly reckoned as 6,

but also 5, 7, 12, & 24); the menses of a woman & coition at that time;

fixed order, rule. — ṛtunā & ṛtubhis in time, at the appointed time, esp. for

sacrifice or a festival: pura ṛtos before the (right) time, too early.

Macdonell, Arthur Anthony: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. London : 1893

ṛtu ṛ-tu, m. fixed time, right time for sacrifice; period, season; the

menses, esp. the days immediately following and suitable for conception;

sexual intercourse at such time; settled sequence; order; rule in. sg. & pl.

at the right time, in due season; lc. at the proper season.

m. reasoning, speculation, inquiry &c.

m. doubt

m. system or doctrine founded on speculation or reasoning,

philosophical system (esp. the Nyāya system, but applicable also to any

of the six Darśana q.v.)

m. the number 6

m. logic, confutation (esp. that kind of argument which consists in

reduction to absurdity)

m. wish, desire

m. supplying an ellipsis

m. cause, motive

tarka n. a philosophical system

tarka n. cf. “a-, ku-, dus-, rūpa-“.

Böhtlingk und Roth: Großes Petersburger Wörterbuch

tarka (von tark) 1) m. a) “Vermuthung”: yatastarko na me vṛthā MBH. 4,

1409. eṣāṁ harṣeṇa jānāmi tarkaścāpi dṛḍho mama R. 5, 71, 12. kiṁ

vṛthā tarkeṇānviṣyate (arthaḥ) ŚĀK. 72, 10. 34, 7. astyekastarkaḥ 83, 6,

v. l. VIKR. 26, 4. tattvāvabodhaikaphalo na tarkaḥ MĀLAV. 45. naitāvatā

bhavantaṁ prasannatarkaṁ manye 31, 23. RĀJA-TAR. 3, 118. nūnaṁ

tarke ‘rthaniścaye AK. 3, 4, 32 (COLEBR. 28), 12. tarkayukta viell. “in

blossem Verdacht stehend” R. GORR. 2, 109, 16. — b) “Erwägung,

geistige Betrachtung, Raisonnement, Speculation”, = vitarka, ūha, vicāra,

hṛllekha AK. 1, 1, 4, 12. TRIK. 1, 1, 114. 3, 2, 15. H. 323. an. 2, 9. MED.

k. 24. tarko vicāraḥ saṁdehādbhrūśiro’ṅgulinartakaḥ SĀH. D. 74, 17.

tarkaḥ kvacit śaṅkānivartakaḥ BHĀṢĀP. 136. taṁ vai phalārthinaṁ manye

bhrātaraṁ tarkacakṣuṣā MBH. 1, 6374. naiṣā tarkeṇa matirāpaneyā

proktānyenaiva sujñānāya KATHOP. 2, 9. vidhirvidheyastarkaśca vedaḥ

PĀR. GṚHY. 2, 6. ārṣaṁ dharmopadeśaṁ ca vedaśāstrāvirodhinā.

yastarkeṇānusaṁdhatte sa dharmaṁ veda netaraḥ.. M. 12, 106. bhāṣyāṇi

tarkayuktāni MBH. 2, 453. śuṣkatarkaṁ parityajya āśrayasva śrutiṁ

smṛtim 3, 13463. teṣāṁ (dhātūnāṁ) manuṣyāstarkeṇa pramāṇāni

pracakṣate 6, 186. acintyā khalu ye bhāvā na tāṁstarkeṇa sādhayet 187.

akalkako hyatarkaśca brāhmaṇaḥ – ketanakṣamaḥ 13, 1600. sphurati

saphalastarkaḥ PAÑCAT. III, 258. smṛtitarkādiprayuktaistarkaiḥ (tarka 1.

in der Bed. von c) MADHUS. in Ind. St. 1, 19, 5 v. u. atrāyaṁ tarko

bodhyaḥ Sch. zu KAP. 1, 65. hūṁ tarke syāt AK. 3, 5, 18. — c) “eine auf

Speculation, freier Forschung beruhende Lehre, ein philosophisches

System”, = hetuviśeṣa MED. = tarkaviśeṣa (wohl “Logik”) H. an.

CARAṆAVY. in Ind. St. 3, 260. fg. kathaṁ punaḥ

svabhāvadvandvināmāgamānāṁ ca tarkāṇāṁ ca samavāyaḥ saṁpannaḥ

PRAB. 86, 14. smṛtitarkādiprayuktaistarkaiḥ MADHUS. in Ind. St. 1, 19, 5

v. u. veda – tarka VOP. 25, 7. tarketihāsāṅgapurāṇasaṁhitāḥ BHĀG. P. 8,

21, 2. vādavādāṁstyajettarkān 7, 13, 7. sadā tadevāsattarkaistirodhīyeta

viplutam 2, 6, 40. Zu den mehr oder weniger orthodoxen Systemen der

Philosophie gehören folgende “sechs”: Pūrva- und Uttara-Mīmāṁsā,

Nyāya, Vaiśeṣika, Sāṁkhya und Joga COLEBR. Misc. Ess. I, 228. fg.; eine

andere Sechszahl s. u. tārkika. Daher tarka zur Bez. der “Zahl sechs”

gebraucht SŪRYAS. 12, 87. — d) in der Logik “Widerlegung, reductio ad

absurdum” COLEBR. Misc. Ess. I, 292. TARKASAṁGR. 52. MADHUS. in

Ind. St. 1, 18, 5 v. u. yuktipūrvakasādhakatarkairvicāraḥ Sch. zu JAIM. 1,

3. — e) = kāṅkṣā “Wunsch, Verlangen” H. an. MED. = ākāṅkṣā ŚKDR.

“supplying an ellipsis” (ākāṅkṣā); “cause, motive” WILS. nach MED. — 2)

f. ā “geistige Betrachtung, Raisonnement”: vijñātavyā manuṣyaistarkayā

suvinītayā MBH. 4, 892. — Vgl. atarka, kutarka, rūpatarka.

tarka 1) b) śuṣkatarkānusārin Ind. St. 5, 159. svatarkamanudhāvatām

165. avijñātatattve ‘rthe kāraṇopapattitastattvajñānārthamūhastarkaḥ

NYĀYAD. 1, 40. anukūla- “eine freie Forschung, welche in ihren

Resultaten mit denen der Offenbarung, Tradition u.s.w. übereinstimmt”,

SARVADARŚANAS. 120, 1. 2. 9. Gegens. pratikūla- 11. — c) Bez. “der

Zahl sechs” Ind. St. 8, 397. — d) SARVADARŚANAS. 113, 21. LA. (II) 90,

8. Die Stelle Schol. zu JAIM. 1, 3 gehört zu “b).” — Vgl. noch dustarka.

Benfey, Theodor: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. London : 1866

tarka tark + a,

I. m.

1. Supposition, Rām. 5, 71, 12.

2. Consideration, Pañc. iii. d. 258.

3. Logical reasoning, logic, Man. 12, 106; MBh. 2, 453.

4. A philosophical system, Prab. 86, 14.

II. f. kā, Logical reasoning, MBh. 4, 892.

— Comp. ku-, and dus-, m. wrong reasoning, Bhāg. P. 5, 13, 22; 6, 9, 35.

Cappeller, Carl: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, based upon the St.

Petersburg Lexicons. Strassburg : 1891

tarka m. supposition, conjecture, opinion; meditation, discussion,

philosophical doctrine or system, refutation.

Macdonell, Arthur Anthony: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. London : 1893

tarka tark-a, m. supposition, conjecture; reflexion, speculation;

speculative doctrine, philosophical system (of which there are six, the

Pūrva- and Uttara-Mīnāṁśā, Nyāya, Vaiseṣika, Sāṅkhya, and Yoga);

refutation, reductio ad absurdum (in logic);

-jñāna, n. knowledge derived from speculation;

-vid, m. philosopher, dialectician;

-vidyā, -śāstra, n. science of thought;

-saṁgraha, m. T. of a manual on the Nyāya system).

Rādhākāntadeva: Śabdakalpadruma (5 Vol). Third edition, reprint of the

1886 edition. Varanasi : 1967

tarka ka dīptau . iti kavikalpadrumaḥ .. (curāṁparaṁ-akaṁ-seṭ .) ka,

tarkayati . vitarkaṇe’pyayam . (atra sakaṁ .) tarkayatyanyaguṇaṁ sudhīḥ

. iti durgādāsaḥ ..

Bhaṭṭācārya: Vācaspatyam (6 Vol). Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series 94,

reprint of the 1873-1884 edition. Varanasi : 1962

tarka dīptau aka° ākāṅkṣāyāñca vitarke saka° curā° ubha° seṭ . tarkayati

te atitarkat ta etattarkaya cakravākahṛdayāśvāsāya prasannarā° . tathā

tarkayāmi yathānenācirapravrajitena bhavitavyam mṛccha° .

dakṣiṇenātha vāmena katareṇa svidasyati . iti māṁ saṅgatāḥ sarve

tarkayiṣyanti śatravaḥ bhā° vi° 61 a° .

vi + utprekṣāyāṁ tannūnaṁ mṛtyumāpsyatīti vitarkayāmi pañcata° .

tarka pu° tarka–bhāve ac . 1 ākāṅkṣāyāṁ 2 vyabhicāraśaṅkānivartake

ūhabhede avijñāte’rthe kāraṇopapattitastattvajñānārthe ūhe 3

vyāpyāropāt vyāpakaprasañjane . 4 āgamāvirodhinyāye 5

āgamārthaparīkṣaṇe 6 mīmāṁsārūpavicāre . 7 mānasajñānabhede . 8

svabuddhyohamātre acintyāḥ khalu ye bhāvāḥ na tāṁstarkeṇa yojayet .

nā’pratiṣṭhitatarkeṇa gambhīrārthasya niścayaḥ vedāntapra° . ārṣaṁ

dharmopadeśañca dharmaśāstrāvirodhinā . yastarkeṇānānusandhatte sa

dharmaṁ veda netaraḥ manuḥ tarkāpratiṣṭhānāt śā° sū° . karaṇe ghañ .

8 nyāyaśāstre prāyastarkamadhīte tanute kutarkānnibandhamapyatra

dīdhitiḥ suhṛdastarkāḥ samastāḥ sthame kullū° . yatkāvyaṁ madhu

varṣidharṣitaparāstarkeṣu yasyoktayaḥ naiṣa° . tarke vā mṛśakarkaśe

mama samaṁ līlāyate bhāratī prasannarā° . gadādharavinirmitā

viṣamadurgatarkāṭavī gadā° 9 mīmāṁsāśāstre 10 arthavāde karkaḥ .

aktāḥ śarkarā upadadhātīti vidhiḥ śrūyate . tatrāñjanasādhanaṁ ghṛtaṁ

tailaṁ vā tanmadhye kenāktā iti saṁśaye tejo vai ghṛtamityarthavādāt

ghṛtenāktā iti nirṇīyate . atastarko’rthavādaḥ . tarko mīmāṁseti

kalpatarukāraḥ tarkalakṣaṇaṁ gau° sū° bhāṣye uktaṁ yathā

avijñātatattve’rthe kāraṇopapattitastattvajñānārthamūhastarkaḥ gau° sū°

. avijñāyamānatattve’rthe jijñāsā tāvajjāyate jānīyemamarthamiti, atha

jijñāsitasya vastuno vyāhatau dharbhau vibhāgena vimṛśati kiṁ

svidityamāho svinnetthamiti vimṛśyamānayordharmayorekaṁ

kāraṇopapattyā’nujānāti sambhavatyasmin kāraṇaṁ pramāṇaṁ heturiti,

kāraṇopapattyā syādevametannetaraditi tatra nidarśanam yo’yaṁ jñātvā

jñātavyamarthaṁ jānīte tañca bho jānīyeti jijñāsā, sa

kimutpattidharmako’nutpattidharmaka iti vimarśaḥ,

vimṛśyamāne’vijñātatattve’rthe yasya

dharmasyābhyanujñākāraṇamupapadyate tamanujānāti,

yadyayamanutpattidharmakastataḥ svakṛtasya karmaṇaḥ

phalamanubhavati jñātā,

duḥkhajanyapravṛttidoṣamithyājñānānāmuttaramuttaraṁ pūrvasya

pūrvasya kāraṇamuttarottarāpāye tadanantarābhāvādapavarga iti syātāṁ

saṁsārāpavargau, utpattidharmake jñātari punarna syātām, utpannaḥ

khalu jñātā dehendriyabuddhivedanābhiḥ sambadhyata iti nāsyedaṁ

svakṛtasya karmaṇaḥ phalam utpannaśca bhūtvā na bhavatīti

tasyāvidyamānasya niruddhasya vā svakṛtakarmaṇaḥ phalopabhogo nāsti,

tadevamekasyānekaśarīrayogaḥ śarīrādiviyogaścātyantaṁ na syāditi .

yatra kāraṇamanupapadyamānaṁ paśyati tatrānujānāti,

so’yamevaṁlakṣaṇa ūhastarka ityucyate . kathaṁ punarayaṁ

tattvajñānārtho na tattvajñānameveti anavadhāraṇāt

anujānātyayamekataraṁ dharmaṁ kāraṇopapattyā na tvavadhārayati na

vyavasyati na niścinoti evamevedamiti . kathaṁ tattvajñānārtha iti,

tattvajñānaviṣayābhyanujñālakṣaṇānugrahodbhāvitāt

prasannādanantarapramāṇasāmaryāt tattvajñānamutpadyata ityeva

tattvajñānārtha iti . so’yaṁ tarkaḥ pramāṇāni pratisandadhānaḥ

pramāṇābhyanujñānāt pramāṇasahito vāde upadiṣṭa

ityavijñātatattvamanujānātīti yathā so’rtho bhavati tasya

yathābhāvastattvamaviparyaya yathātathyam vātsyāyanabhāṣyam .

viśvanāthavṛttau cānyathā sūtramidaṁ vyākhyātaṁ yathā tarka iti

lakṣyanirdeśaḥ kāraṇopapattita ūha iti lakṣaṇam avijñātatattve’rthe

tattvajñānārthamiti prayojanakathanam kāraṇaṁ vyāpyaṁ

tasyopapattirāropastasmāt ūha āropaḥ arthādvyāpakasya, tathāca

vyāpakābhāvavattvena nirṇīte

vyāpyasyāhāryāropādyovyāpakasyāhāryāropaḥ sa tarkaḥ . yathā

nirvahnitvāropānnirdhūmatvāropaḥ nirvahniḥ syānnirdhūmaḥ syādityādiḥ .

hrado nirvahniḥ syānnirdhūmaḥ syādityādivāraṇāya

vyāpakābhāvavattvena nirṇīta iti . nirvahniḥ syāt adravyaṁ

syādityādivāraṇāya vyāpasyeti tadvyāpyāropādhīnastadāropa

ityarthalābhāya vyāpaketi . na cānumānādito’rthasiddhestarkovyartha iti

vācyam aprayojakatvādiśaṅkākalaṅkitena hetunārthasya

sādhayitumaśakyatvāttadetaduktamavijñātatattve’rthe

tattvajñānārthamiti tattvanirṇayārthamityarthaḥ . yatra

nāprayojakatvādyāśaṅkā tatra nāpekṣya eveti bhāvaḥ . pare tu ūha ityeva

lakṣaṇaṁ ūhatvañca

mānasatvavyāpyojātiviśeṣastarkayāmītyanubhavasiddhaḥ . tarkaḥ kiṁ

svata eva nirṇāyakaḥ paramparayā vetyata āha kāraṇeti kāraṇasya

vyāptijñānāderupapādanadvāreṇetyarthaḥ tathā ca dhūmo yadi

vahnivyabhicārī syāt vahnijanyo na syādityanena vyabhicāraśaṅkānirāse

niraṅkuśena vyāptijñānenānumitiriti parasparayaivāsyopayoga ityāhuḥ .

sa cāyaṁ pañcavidhaḥ

ātmāśrayānyonyāśrayacakrakānavasthātadanyavādhitārthaprasaṅgabhed

āt . svasya svāpekṣitve’niṣṭaprasaṅga ātmāśrayaḥ sa ca

utpattisthitijñaptidvārā tredhā yathā yadyayaṁ ghaṭa etadghaṭajanyaḥ

syāttadaitadghaṭānadhikaraṇakṣaṇottaravartī na syāt, yadyayaṁ ghaṭa

etadghaṭavṛttiḥ syāt etadghaṭavyāpo na syāt yadyayaṁ ghaṭa

etadghaṭajñānābhinnaḥ syāt jñānamāmagrījanyaḥ syāt etadghaṭabhinnaḥ

syāditi vā sarvatrāpādyam

tadapekṣāpekṣitvanibandhano’niṣṭaprasaṅgo’nyonyāśrayaḥ so’pi

pūrvavattredhā .

tadapekṣyāpekṣyāpekṣitvanibandhano’niṣṭaprasaṅgaḥcakrakaṁ

catuḥkakṣādāvapi svasya svāpekṣyāpakṣyāpekṣitvasattvānnādhikyam .

asyāpi pūrvavattraividhyam .

avyavasthitaparamparāropādhīnāniṣṭaprasaṅgo’navasthā yathā yadi

ghaṭatvaṁ ghaṭajanyatvavyāpyaṁ syāt kapālasamavetatvavyāpyaṁ na

syāt . tadanyabādhitārthaprasaṅgastu dhūmo yadi bahnivyabhicārī

syādvahnijanyo na syādityādiḥ .

prathamopasthitatvotsargavinigamanāvirahalāghavagauravādikantu

prasaṅgānātmakatvāt na tarkaḥ kintu

pramāṇasahakāritvarūpasādharmyāttathā vyavahāra iti saṁkṣepaḥ .

tarkaganthe jagadīśoktaṁ tarkavibhāgalakṣaṇādikaṁ yathā . sa cāyaṁ

tarkaḥ pañcavidhaḥ

ātmāśrayānyo’nyāśrayacakrakānavasthāpramāṇabādhitārthakaprasaṅgab

hedādityācāryāḥ . tatra svāpekṣāpādakaḥ prasaṅga ātmāśrayaḥ . apekṣā

ca jñaptāvutpattau sthitau ca grāhyā tatrādyā, yathā etadghaṭajñānaṁ

yadyetadghaṭajñānajanyaṁ syādetadghaṭajñānabhinnaṁ syāditi . dvitīyā

ghaṭo’yaṁ yadyetadghaṭajanakaḥ syāt etadghaṭabhinnaḥ syāditi tṛtīyā

cāyaṁ ghaṭo yadyetadghaṭavṛttisyattathātvenopalabhyeteti

svāpekṣāpekṣitatvanibandhanaḥ prasaṅgo’nyānyāśrayaḥ yathā cāyaṁ

ghaṭo yadyetadghaṭajanyaḥ syādetadghaṭabhinnaḥ svāt iti upattau

sthitau ca svayamudāhāryam .

svāpekṣaṇīyāpekṣitasāpekṣatvanibandhanaḥ prasaṅgaścakrakaḥ pūrvokta

evāpādake janyapadāntaramantarbhāvyodāharaṇam . apekṣā tvatra

sākṣātparamparāsādhāraṇī grāhyā . anavasthā punaraprāmāṇikī na tu

pravāhamūlakaprasaṅgaḥ . yathā ghaṭatvaṁ yadi yāvadghaṭahetuvṛtti

syāt ghaṭajanyavṛtti na syādityarthaḥ . uktacatuṣkānyaḥ prasaṅgaḥ

pramāṇabādhitārthakaprasaṅgaḥ so’pi dvividho vyāptigrāhako

viṣayapariśodhakaśca tatrādyo yathā ghūmo yadi vahni vyabhicārī

syāttadā vahnijanyo na syāditi dvitīyastu parvato yadi nirvahniḥ

syānnirdhūmaḥsyādityādiḥ .

dhūmādervyabhicāraśaṅkānivṛttidvārā viṣayasya vahnyādeḥ

niścāyakatvena pariśodhakatvamityavadheyam . so’yaṁ tarka

ekādaśavidha iti prācīnanaiyāyikāḥ svīcakruḥ tadanusāreṇa sarva° sa°

uktam sa caikādaśavidhaḥ

vyāghātātmāśrayetaretarāśrayacakrakānavasthāprativandikalpanālāghava

kalpanā gauravotsargāpavādavaijātyabhedāt iti

vyāghātādīnāmaprasañjanarūpatvāt na tarkarūpatvamiti kintu

pañcavidhatvamiti navyāḥ . etanmatānusāreṇaiva vṛttau itareṣāṁ

mukhyatarkatvanirāsena bhāktarkatvamuktam draṣṭavyam . tarkasya ca

vyabhicāraśaṅkānivartakatayānumānāṅgatvaṁ tacca

khaṇḍanakhaṇḍakhādye nirākṛtaṁ yathā nāpi vipakṣe vādhakastarko

vācyaḥ tarkasya vyāptimūlatvābhyupagame anavasthāprasaṅgāt .

tadanabhyupagame mūlaśaithilyena tarkābhāsatvāpātāt . atha brūṣe na

śakyamidaṁ vaktuṁ tathā hyagnidhūmavyabhicāraśaṅkāyāṁ

bādhakastarko’yamabhidhīyate yadi dhūmo’gniṁ vyabhicaredakāraṇakaḥ

sannityaḥ syāt na syādeva vā sa cāyamanuttarastarkaḥ tatra śaṅkāyāṁ

vyāghātāpatteḥ . tadeva hyāśaṅkyate yasminnāśaṅkyamāne

svakriyāvyāghātādayodoṣā nāvatarantīti lokamaryādā evaṁ

sarvatrānuttarastarko bāghako’bhidheya iti cet maivam kimityevaṁ

śaṅkitavyaṁ taddhetuphalabhāva eva na bhaviṣyati . evaṁ tu

śaṅkitavyam agniṁ vihāyānyasmādapi hetorayamudeṣyatīti . na ca

vācyamevaṁ hi sati dhūmasyaikajātitvaṁ na syāditi kvacidindriyajanyatve

kvacidanumānādijanyatve’pi jñānaikajātyavattadupapatteḥ .

tatrendriyādonāmavāntarasāmānye sākṣātkāritvādau prayojakatvaṁ na

jñānatāyāmiti cenna jñānatvasyākasmikatvaparihārārthaṁ

tatkāraṇasyānugatasya bhavatāvaśyaṁ vaktavyatvāt . dhūme’pi

vahnerviśeṣa eva prayojakatvasya tadvacchaṅkituṁ śakyatvāt . na

dṛśyate tāvadagniprayojyo dhūme viśeṣa iti ca na vācyam evaṁ hi sati

tadadarśanasyāpātato

hetvantaraprayojyāvāntarajātyadarśanenāyogyatayā vikalpyatvā

dupapatteḥ . yadā tu hetvantaraprayojyo dhūmasya viśeṣo drakṣyate

tadāsau vikalpiṣyata iti sambhāvanāyādurnivāratvāt .

astyātmamanoyogo’nugataṁ kāraṇaṁ jñānotpattāviti cenna

yadyātmamanoyogādutpadyamānaṁ jñānaṁ syādicchādayo’pi jñānaṁ

prasajyeran . yadi tvadṛṣṭaviśeṣo vā śaktibhedo vā jñānatvajātirvā

jñānaprāgabhāvo vā tatrānugataṁ kāraṇamucyate tadā taditaratrāpi

vahnivyabhicāre dhūmasyaikajātyaprayojakatayā śakyata eva śaṅkitum

dṛṣṭe vyabhicāre yuktamadṛṣṭāderaikajātyaparikalpanamiti cet astu dṛṣṭe

tanniścayaḥ atrāpi vyabhicāro na drakṣyata ityatra niyāmakābhāvāt

śaṅkiṣyate evaṁ śaṅkamānasya bhavato na kvacidanumānaṁ syāditi

prativādyātmādyanumānādivyatirekeṇa kathāyāmeva pravṛttyanupapattyā

svayaṁ svīkartavyeṣvanumāneṣvetādṛśaśaṅkākramaṇāt saeva vyāghāta

iti cenna dhūmavadvahnerapi vahnikāraṇaviśeṣānumānasyaiva sati

sadanumānatvaprasaṅgāt sāmagrīsāmyena

pramā’pramāvaicitryānupapatteḥ .

sādhāraṇadharmadarśanaviśeṣādarśanānāṁ satyapi śaṅkāyāścānudaye

sāmagryāṁ satyāmapi kāryānudayātparapratipattyutpādānārthaṁ

vacanādirūpāṁ pratipattisāmagrīmutpādayituṁ yatamānasya bhavato’pi

svakriyāvyāghāta stulyaḥ . vyāghātasyaiva viśeṣatvāt taddarśanena

śaṅkāsāmagryeva nāsti pratyakṣe kuto vyāghātasāmyamiti cenna taddhi

na tāvat āhāryādikāraṇājjāyamānameṣṭavyaṁ kūṭaviṣayasya

tasyātiprasañjakatvāt . kūṭabhinnaḥ prasañjakaḥ pramitasyaiva syāditi

cenna tasya tarkāvasare nirasyatvāt . tasmādyadaitadvyāghātarūpasya

viśeṣasya darśanaṁ śaṅkāpratipakṣabhūtamucyate tat kiṁ? pramāṇāt

kutaścidupajāyamānaṁ vaktavyam tarkādvā . yadi prathamaḥ

śaṅkāstitvamapi tenaiva pramāṇenopeyaṁ śaṅkāyāṁ satyāṁ vyāghātāt

yadi ca śaṅkāṁ vināpi vyāghātaḥ tadā

śaṅkyamānāśaṅkyamānayorvyāghātasya sāmyaṁ siddhameva . bhavatu

śaṅkāyāmapi tatpramāṇaṁ kimetāvatā

prathamopajātaśaṅkāmavalambyāvasthitasya vyāghātarūpasya viśeṣasya

darśanāttu śaṅkāntaraṁ notpadyata iti cenna vyāghātasattvakāle

tadavalambikayā śaṅkayaiva śaṅkyamānavyabhicāratā tasyāḥ

śaṅkāyāvyuparame ca tadavalambino vyāghātarūpasya niśeṣasyābhāvāt

kaḥ śaṅkāntarotpattervārayiteti vaktavyama mā nāmāstu tadā

vyāghātātmā viśeṣastadavagamastadāhito vā saṁskārastāvadasti .

viśeṣāvagamatatsaṁskārau ca śaṅkāvirodhinau . nanu svarūpeṇa

kvacidapi viśeṣasyāvasthānaṁ tatheti cenna ayāvadāśrayabhāvino

viśeṣasya pūrvasthitasya yaddarśanaṁ tadāhito vā saṁskāraḥ tasya

kālāntare tatpratidharmasaṁśayavirodhitve avayavipākapakṣe kumbhasya

paramāṇupākapakṣe paramparayā tadārambhakasya paramāṇoḥ pūrvaṁ

śyāmatayā jñātasya kālāntare sambhavitayā kasya

pākajanyarūpaviśeṣavattāyāṁ saṁśayo na syāt . yadi ca śaṅkāyāṁ

vyāghātastadā śaṅkāśrayasya viśeṣarūpasya vyāghātasya

darśanācchaṅkāyāṁ śaṅkāntaraṁ mā bhūt . yadi tu vyabhicārāśrayastadā

vyabhicāraḥ syādeva vyāghātāśrayasya vyabhicārasyāpi pramityāpatteḥ .

anādisiddhavyāptikāste tarkā iti cenna tadbuddheḥ pramititvāsiddheḥ

śarīre svātmapratyayasya tādṛśasyātmapramātvopagamāt

anāditvāsiddheścobhayatrāviśeṣāt . nāpi yadyatra vyabhicāraḥ śaṅkyeta

tadā vyāghātaḥ syādityevaṁ rūpāttarkādvyādhātāvagamaḥ

vyāghātapratipādakasya tarkasya mūlaśathilye tarkābhāsatvāpātāt

tādṛśasyāpi vyāghātopanāyakatve vyāghātāpatteśca sāmyaṁ śakyata eva

tarkābhāsādbhavato’pi vyāghāta upanetum . atha tarkasya

vyāptirmūlabhūtābhyupagamyate tatrāpi vyabhicāraśaṅkāyāṁ

punaranavasthaiva tatrāpi vyāghātāpādane punarityanavasthaiva .

tasmādasmābhirapyasminnarthe na khalu duṣpaṭhā .

tvadgāthaivānyathākāramakṣarāṇi kiyantyapi . vyāghāto yadi śaṅkāsti na

cecchaṅkā tatastarām . vyāghātāvadhirāśaṅkā tarkaḥ śaṅkāvadhiḥ kutaḥ .

avyabhicāraścaikaparityāgavyavacchedenāparānvayaḥ samakāladṛṣṭe

naṣṭe’dṛṣṭaḥ śaṅkyata ityāhuḥ . tarkasya yathā vyāptiniścayopayogitā

tathā anu° ci° pūrvapakṣīkṛtya nyarūpi yathā atrocyate

vyabhicārajñānavirahasahakṛtaṁ sahacāradarśanaṁ vyāptigrāhakam

jñānaṁ ca niścayaḥ śaṅkā ca sā ca kvacidupādhisandehāt

kvacidviśeṣādarśanasahitasādhāraṇadharmadarśanāt tadvirahaśca

kvacidvipakṣabādhakatarkāt kvacit svataḥ siddhaeva . tarkasya

vyāptigrahamūlakatvenānavastheti cet na yāvadāśaṅkaṁ tarkānusaraṇāt

yatra ca vyāghātena śaṅkaiva nāvatarati tatra tarkaṁ vinaiva

vyāptigrahaḥ tathāhi ghūbho yadi vahnyasamavahitājanyatve sati

vahnisamavahitājanyaḥ syānnotpannaḥ svādityatra kiṁ ghūmo’vahnereva

bhaviṣyati kvacidvahniṁ vināpi bhaviṣyati ahetukaeva votpatsyata iti

śaṅkā syāt sarvatra svakriyāvyādhātaḥ syāt yadi hi gṛhītānvayavyatirekaṁ

hetuṁ vinā kāryotpattiṁ śaṅketa tadā svayameva ghūmārthaṁ vahneḥ,

tṛptyarthaṁ bhojanasya, parapraripattyarthaṁ śabdasya copādānaṁ

niyamataḥ kathaṁ kuryāt tena vināpi tatsambhavāt

tasmāttattadupādānameva tādṛśaśaṅkāpratibandhakaṁ, śaṅkāyāṁ na

niyatopādānaṁ, niyatopādāne ca na śaṅkā tadidamuktaṁ tadeva

hyāśaṅkyate yasminnāśaṅkyamāne svakriyāvyāghāto na bhavatīti nahi

sambhavati svayaṁ vahnyādikaṁ dhūmādikāryārthaṁ niyamata upādatte

tat kāraṇaṁ tannetyāśaṅkyate ceti etena vyādhāto virodhaḥ saca

sahānavasthānaniyata iti tatrāpyanavastheti nirastaṁ svakriyāyāeva

śaṅkāpratibandhakatvāt ataeva vyāghāto yadi śaṅkāsti na cecchaṅkā

tatastarām . vyādhātāvadhirāśaṅkā tarkaḥ śaṅkāvadhiḥ kutaḥ iti

khaṇḍanakāramatamapyapāstam . nahi vyāghātaḥ śaṅkāśritaḥ kintu

svakriyaiva śaṅkāpratibandhiketi na vā viśeṣadarśanāt kkacit

śaṅkānivṛttireva syāt na caitādṛśatarkāvatāro bhūyodarśanaṁ vineti

bhūyodarśanādaraḥ natu sa svataeva prayojakaḥ ataeva na

tadāhitasaṁskāro na mānāntaraṁ tarkasyāpramātvāt tacca na

pratyakṣaṁ vyāptijñāne hetuḥ tadabhāve’pi śabdānumānābhyāṁ

tadgrahāt . nanu

sahacāradarśanavyabhicārādarśanavadvyabhicāraśaṅkāvirahānukūlatarka

yorjñānaṁ vyabhicārisādhāraṇamiti na tato’pi vyāptiniścayaḥ iti cenna

svarūpasatoreva tayorvyāptigrāhakatvāt sattarkādvyāptipramā

tadābhāsāttadapramā viśeṣadarśanasatyatvāsatyatvābhyāṁ

puruṣajñānamiva . apare tu yatra tarke vyāptyanubhavomūlaṁ tatra

narkāntarāpekṣā yatra tu vyāptismaraṇaṁ hetuḥ tatra na

tarkāntarāpekṣeti nānavasthā asti ca

jātamātrāṇāmiṣṭāniṣṭasādhanatānumitihetuvyāptismaraṇaṁ tadānīṁ

vyāptyanubhāvakābhāvāt tanmūlānubhavamūlā cāgre’pi

vyāptismaraṇaparampareti .

yattvanādisiddhakāryakāraṇabhāvavirodhādimūlāḥ kecittarkā iti tanna

tatra pramāṇānupayoge’numāna eva paryavasānāt . naca

vyāptigrahānyathānupapattyaiva tarkasyānādisiddhavyāptikatvajñānamiti

vācyam anupapatterapyanumānatvāt . anye tu

vipakṣavādhakatarkādanaupādhikatvagraha eva tadadhīno vyāptigraha iti

tadapi na tarkaṁsyāpramāṇatvāt . vyabhicārādiśaṅkānirāsadvārā

pratyakṣādisahakārī sa iti cenna anavasthābhayena tarkaṁ vinā

vyāghātāt yatra śaṅkāvirahastatra vyāptigrahe tarkasya vyabhicārāt .

yattu yogyānāmupādhīnāṁ yogyānupalabdhyābhāvagrahaḥ ayogyānāntu

sādhyāvyāpyatvasādhanavyāpakatvasādhanādabhāvagraha

ityanaupādhikatvaṁ sugrahamiti tattuccham anumānena

tatsādhane’navasthānāt pramāṇāntarasyābhāvāt . ye cānukūlatarkaṁ

vinaiva sahacārādidarśanamātreṇa vyāptigrahaṁ vadanti teṣāṁ

pakṣetaratvasya sādhyavyāpakatvagrahe’numānamātramucchidyeta

anumānamātrocchedakatvādeva pakṣetaronopādhiriti ceta bhrānto’si nahi

vayamupādhitvena tasya doṣatvamācakṣmahe sādhyavyāpakatvena

tadvyatirekāt pakṣe sādhyavyāvartakatayā vyāpakavyatireke

vyāpyavyatirekasya vajralepācca . api ca karavahnisaṁyogaḥ

śaktyatiriktātīndriyadharmasamavāyī janakatvādityatrāprayojakatvānna

sādhakaṁ tatra vyāptasya pakṣavarmatve kimaprayojakaṁ nāma?

tasmādvipakṣabādhakatarkābhāvānna tatra vyāptigraha

ityaprayojakatvamiti . tarkaṁ vettyaṣīte vā ṭhañ . tārkika tarkavettari

tarkaśāstrādhyetari ca . tārkikaśiromaṇistanute dīdhitiḥ .

tarkaḥ (tark-bhāve ac)

(1) Supposition, conjecture, guess; prasannaste tarkaḥ V. 2.

(2) Reasoning, speculation, discussion, abstract reasoning; kutaḥ

punarasminnavadhārite āgamārthe tarkanimittasyākṣepasyāvakāśaḥ;

idānīṁ tarkanimitta ākṣepaḥ parihriyate S. B.; tarko’pratiṣṭhaḥ smṛtayo

vibhinnāḥ Mb.; Ms. 12. 106.

(3) Doubt.

(4) Logic, the science of logic; yatkāvyaṁ madhuvarṣi

dharṣitaparāstarkeṣu yasyoktayaḥ N. 22. 155; tarkaśāstraṁ, tarkadīpikā

(5) (In logic) Reduction to absurdity, a conclusion opposed to the

premises, a reductio ad absurdum.

(6) A system of doctrine founded on pure reasoning or free thinking, a

philosophical system (particularly one of the six principal darśanas q. v.).

(7) A name for the number ‘six’.

(8) Supplying an ellipsis.

(9) Cause, motive. (10) Wish, desire. –rkā Speculation, reasoning.

— Comp.

–ābhāsaḥ fallacious reasoning, fallacy in drawing conclusions.

–vidyā logic.

–śāstraṁ 1. logic. –2. a philosophical work.

Rādhākāntadeva: Śabdakalpadruma (5 Vol). Third edition, reprint of the

1886 edition. Varanasi : 1967

tarkaḥ puṁ, (tarka + bhāve ghañ .) ākāṅkṣā . vitarkaḥ .

vyabhicāraśaṅkānivartakaḥ . iti bhāṣāparicchedaḥ .. (yathā, mahābhārate

. 3 . 199 . 108 .

śuṣkatarkaṁ parityajya āśrayasva śrutiṁ smṛtim ..) sa ca pañcavidhaḥ

. yathā . ātmāśrayaḥ 1 anyonyāśrayaḥ 2 cakrakaḥ 3 anavasthā 4

pramāṇavādhitārthakaḥ 5 . iti jagadīśaḥ .. eṣāṁ lakṣaṇāni tattacchabde

draṣṭavyāni .. ūhaḥ . hetuśāstram . tattu mīmāṁsādi . iti medinī . ke, 25 .

(yathā, manuḥ . 12 . 106 .

ārṣaṁ dharmopadeśañca vedaśāstrāvirodhinā .

yastarkeṇānusandhatte sa dharmaṁ veda netaraḥ .. nyāyaśāstram .

yathā, naiṣaye .

yatkāvyaṁ madhuvarṣidharṣitaparāstarkeṣu yasyoktayaḥ .. jñānam .

yathā, mahābhārate . 1 . 168 . 18 .

taṁ vai phalārthinaṁ manye bhrātaraṁ tarkacakṣuṣā .. arthavāda iti

karkopādhyāyaḥ . yathā, aktāḥ śarkarā upadadhātīti vidhiḥ śrūyate .

tatrāñjanasādhanaṁ ghṛtaṁ tailaṁ vā tanmadhye kenāktā iti saṁśaye

tejo vai ghṛtamityarthavādāt ghṛtenāktā iti nirṇīyate . atastarko’rthavādaḥ

..)

fluid, the best or finest or prime part of anything, essence, marrow &c.

&c.

m. water, liquor, drink &c.

m. juice of the sugar-cane, syrup

m. any mixture, draught, elixir, potion

m. melted butter

rasa m. (with or scil. “gavām”) milk

rasa m. (with or scil. “viṣasya”) poison

m. nectar

m. soup, broth

m. a constituent fluid or essential juice of the body, serum, (esp.) the

primary juice called chyle (formed from the food and changed by the bile

into blood)

m. mercury, quicksilver (sometimes regarded as a kind of

quintessence of the human body, else where as the seminal fluid of śiva)

m. semen virile

m. myrrh

m. any mineral or metallic salt

m. a metal or mineral in a state of fusion (cf. “upa-, mahā-r-“)

m. gold

m. Vanguieria Spinosa

m. a species of amaranth

m. green onion

m. resin

rasa m. = “amṛta”

m. taste, flavour (as the principal quality of fluids, of which there are 6

original kinds, viz. “madhura”, sweet; “amla”, sour; “lavaṇa”, salt;

“kaṭuka”, pungent; “tikta”, bitter; and “kaṣāya”, astringent; sometimes

63 varieties are distinguished, viz. beside the 6 original ones, 15 mixtures

of 2, 20 of 3, 15 of 4, 6 of 5, and 1 of 6 flavours) &c. &c.

m. N. of the number “six”

m. any object of taste, condiment, sauce, spice, seasoning &c.

m. the tongue (as the organ of taste)

m. taste or inclination or fondness for (loc. with or scil. “upari”, or

comp.), love, affection, desire &c.

m. charm pleasure, delight

rasa m. (in rhet.) the taste or character of a work, the feeling or

sentiment prevailing in it (from 8 to 10 Rasas are generally enumerated,

viz. “śṛṅgāra”, love; “vīra”, heroism; “bībhatsa”, disgust; “raudra”, anger

or fury; “hāsya”, mirth; “bhayānaka”, terror; “karuṇa”, pity; “adbhuta”,

wonder; “śānta”, tranquillity or contentment; “vātsalya”, paternal

fondness; the last or last two are sometimes omitted; cf. under “bhāva”)

&c.

m. the prevailing sentiment in human character

rasa m. (with Vaiṣṇavas) disposition of the heart or mind, religious

sentiment (there are 5 Rasas or Ratis forming the 5 degrees of “bhakti”

q.v., viz. “śānti, dāsya, sākhya, vātsalya”, and “mādhurya”)

m. a kind of metre

m. N. of the sacred syllable, “Om, ”

m. the son of a Niṣāda and a śanakī

Böhtlingk und Roth: Großes Petersburger Wörterbuch

rasa (vgl. 2. ras) 1) m. parox. am Ende eines adj. comp. f. ā. a) “Saft,

aus Pflanzen” und insbes. “Früchten gewonnener wohlschmeckender

Saft”; bildlich “das Beste, Feinste, Kräftigste, flos; Flüssigkeit” überh.,

NAIGH. 1, 12. 2, 7. NIR. 2, 20. 12, 1. AK. 3, 4, 30, 229. H. 404 (= yūṣa

“Brühe”; vgl. māṁsa-). H. an. 2, 587. MED. s. 8. HALĀY. 5, 75. VAIJ. bei

MALLIN. zu ŚIŚ. 13, 48. vṛṣṇe ta indurvṛṣabha pīpāya svādū raso

madhupeyo varāya ṚV. 6, 44, 21. madhvo rasaḥ 5, 43, 4. 1, 187, 4. 5.

soma indriyo rasaḥ 8, 3, 20. 9, 23, 5. 47, 3. taṁ some rasamā dadhuḥ

113, 3. 5. madya 65, 15. 74, 9. gireriva pra rasā asya pinvire datrāṇi

VĀLAKH. 1, 2. 5, 3. yo antarikṣamāpṛṇādrasena AV. 4, 35, 3. yo no rasaṁ

dipsati pitvo agne yo aśvānāṁ yo gavāṁ yastanūnām ṚV. 7, 104, 10. 1,

23, 23. 37, 5. 71, 5. (āpaḥ) yo vaḥ śivatamo rasastasya bhājayateha naḥ

10, 9, 2. yo rasasya haraṇāya jātamārebhe AV. 1, 28, 3. araṇyādanya

ābhṛtaḥ kṛṣyā anyo rasebhyaḥ 2, 4, 5. 26, 4. 5. 3, 13, 5. oṣadhīnām 31,

10. 4, 4, 5. 5, 13, 2. 3. AIT. BR. 3, 27. 7, 31. 8, 7, 20. TS. 2, 1, 7, 1. TBR.

1, 3, 10, 8. yajñasya ŚAT. BR. 1, 6, 2, 1. 2, 4, 3, 1. āpo vā oṣadhīnāṁ

rasaḥ 3, 6, 1, 7. raso vṛkṣādivāhatāt 14, 6, 9, 21. payasaḥ KĀTY. ŚR. 25,

11, 21. NIR. 3, 16. 7, 10. 11. SUŚR. 1, 210, 10. 212, 20. 213, 15.

ikṣukāṇḍa- R. 2, 91, 15. vanaspaterapakvāni phalāni pracinoti yaḥ. sa

nāpnoti rasaṁ tebhyaḥ Spr. 2714. fg. cūtasyāpi prasannarasaṁ phalam

3562. 3453. aravindamakaranda- BHĀG. P. 5, 1, 5. 6, 3, 28. nārikela-

RĀJA-TAR. 4, 155. kusumasya, adharasya ŚĀK. 72. VARĀH. BṚH. S. 48,

7. haridrā- Spr. 5036. candana- R. 5, 5, 12. alakta-, alaktaka-, lākṣā- 2,

60, 18 (16 GORR.). ŚIŚ. 9, 46. ṚT. 1, 5. ŚĀK. 80. VARĀH. BṚH. S. 43, 48.

KATHĀS. 9, 47. H. 686. madhu navamanāsvāditarasam Spr. 94. dhātu-

KUMĀRAS. 1, 7. tāmradhātu- RĀJA-TAR. 4, 614. tāmbūlaniṣṭhīvana-

KATHĀS. 70, 5. śṛṅgamāṁsa- 39, 20. gavāṁ rasaḥ (vgl. gorasa) “Milch”

MBH. 13, 3535. gośakṛdrasa M. 11, 91. viṣasyeva rasaṁ hi pītvā

“Gifttrank” MBH. 3, 1371. viṣa- Spr. 518. rasānbhaumān R. 2, 63, 14.

rasaṁ bhaumam R. GORR. 2, 65, 13. ādatte hi rasaṁ (rasān ed. Calc.)

raviḥ RAGH. 1, 18. 4, 66. varjayenmadhu māṁsaṁ ca gandhaṁ mālyaṁ

rasānstriyaḥ “Fruchtsäfte u.s.w.” M. 2, 177. 7, 131. 9, 329. 10, 86. 94, 12,

62. YĀJÑ. 3, 36. 215. MBH. 13, 353. 2772. 14, 2683. VARĀH. BṚH. S. 41,

4. 48, 41. BHĀG. P. 5, 16, 18. 20. 21. MĀRK. P. 120, 17. -dhenu Verz. d.

Oxf. H. 35,b,41. 59,a,22. Blut rasamiśra genossen KAUŚ. 11. 22. fg.

vismṛtabhojanarasa so v. a. “Essen und Trinken” ZdmG.14, 569, 19.

rasenānnena peyena lehyacoṣyeṇa R. 1, 52, 24. rasairannena pānena

coṣyalehyena R. GORR. 1, 53, 23. ādānasya pradānasya kartavyasya ca

karmaṇaḥ. kṣipramakriyamāṇasya kālaḥ pibati tadrasam.. Spr. 337. eṣāṁ

bhūtānāṁ pṛthivī rasaḥ pṛthivyā āpo rasaḥ. apāmoṣadhayo rasa

oṣadhīnāṁ puruṣo rasaḥ puruṣasya vāgraso vāca ṛgrasa ṛcaḥ sāma rasaḥ

sāmna udgīgho rasaḥ CHĀND. UP. 1, 1, 2. avabodha- BHĀG. P. 3, 9, 2. 4,

13, 8. — a) poetische Bez. des “Wassers” TRIK. 3, 3, 448. H. an. MED.

rasaṁ sarvasamudrāṇām R. 4, 27, 3. anyasaritāmapi rasaṁ samudragāḥ

prāpayantyudadhim Spr. 4581. 5028. MEGH. 29. upāyarasasaṁsiktā

nītimahāvallī KATHĀS. 33, 85. ghana- Spr. 4064. — b) “Saft des

Zuckerrohrs” SUŚR. 2, 149. 5. 224, 20. 241, 9. — g) “Myrrhe” AK. 2, 9,

105. H. 1063, Sch. H. an. MED. RATNAM. 42; vgl. gandharasa. — d)

“Samenfeuchtigkeit” AK. 3, 4, 30, 229. H. an. MED. HALĀY. 5, 75. VAIJ.

a. a. O. ṚV. 1, 105, 2. — e) “Chylus” (aus Speise entstehend und durch

die Galle in Blut umgewandelt) AK. 3, 4, 14, 67. TRIK. H. 619. fg. H. an.

MED. HALĀY. 5, 71. 75. VAIJ. a. a. O. (wo dhātau st. dhāye zu lesen ist).

WISE 49. ŚĀRÑG. SAṁH. 1, 6, 4. 6. SUŚR. 1, 96,13. NIR. 14, 6. — z)

“Milch” H. ś. 98 (wohl fälschlich neutr.). — h) “geschmolzene Butter”

HALĀY. 5, 75. — J) “Mixtur” Verz. d. B. H. No. 963. “Lebenselixir,

Zaubertrank”; = amṛta VAIJ. a. a. O.: kṣīrodamathanaṁ kṛtvā rasaṁ

prāpsyāma tatra vai R. 1, 45, 18. 33 (46, 22. 26 GORR.). kūpa- BHĀG. P.

7, 10, 58. rasakūpāmṛta 59. siddhāmṛta- 61. RĀJA-TAR. 1, 110. — i)

“Gifttrank” AK. 3, 4, 30, 229. H. 1195. H. an. MED. HALĀY. 3, 24. 5, 75.

VAIJ. DAŚAK. 185, 3. rasārpaṇa RĀJA-TAR. 6, 72. -dāna 322. 8, 448. —

x) “Quecksilber” AK. 2, 9, 100. TRIK. H. 1050. H. an. MED. HALĀY. 5, 75.

VAIJ. (wo, wie schon STENZLER gesehen, pārade zu lesen ist).

SARVADARŚANAS. 97, 13. fgg. mystisch als “Quintessenz” des

menschlichen Körpers betrachtet 99, 11. rasasya parabrahmaṇā sāmyam

103, 9. als Śiva’s “Same” gedacht 98, 18. — l) “Mineral” oder “ein

metallisches Salz”; aufgezählt in Verz. d. Oxf. H. 321,a, No. 761; vgl.

upa-, mahā-. = heman “Gold” VAIJ. a. a. O.; vgl. 2. rasita. — b)

“Geschmack” (als Haupteigenschaft des “Flüssigen”) AK. 1, 1, 4, 16. 3, 4,

30, 229 (guṇa). TRIK. H. 1389. H. an. MED. HALĀY. 5, 75. VAIJ. a. a. O.

sarveṣāṁ rasānāṁ jihvaikāyanam ŚAT. BR. 14, 5, 4, 11. 6, 2, 3. 8, 8. 7, 1,

25. rasanagrāhyo guṇo rasaḥ TARKAS. 13. BHĀG. P. 2, 2, 29. tyajecca

pṛthivī gandhamāpaśca rasamātmanaḥ MBH. 1, 4161. āpo rasaguṇāḥ M.

1, 78. 5, 128. 12, 98. vedaye na śabdasparśarasān R. 2, 64, 67. RAGH. 3,

4. khyātaḥ sarvarasānāṁ hi lavaṇo rasa uttamaḥ Spr. 804. nānāsvādu-

adj. R. 1, 53, 4 (54, 4 GORR.). tadrasa adj. Spr. 3522. abhimatarasā

MEGH. 50. nirupama- adj. Spr. 728. annaṁ corurasam BHĀG. P. 3, 3, 28.

Die Bedd. “Geschmack” und “schmeckender Stoff” oder “Saft” werden

häufig nicht auseinandergehalten, SUŚR. 1, 147. fgg. 150, 12. fgg. āhāraḥ

ṣaṭsu raseṣvāyatto rasāḥ punardravyāśrayāḥ 4, 14. ṣaḍrasa 43, 3. MBH.

1, 6658. 3, 138. 9, 2354. R. 1, 52, 23 (53, 22 GORR.). R. GORR. 1, 54, 4.

KATHĀS. 45, 230. 82, 19. Die sechs Hauptarten des “Geschmacks” sind:

madhura, amla, lavaṇa, kaṭuka, tikta und kaṣāya MBH. 12, 6851. fg.

SUŚR. 1, 153, 17. fgg. 75, 5. fgg. Davon giebt es 63 mögliche

Verbindungen 2, 545, 9. fgg. kaṣāyo madhurastiktaḥ kaṭvamla (also mit

Weglassung von lavaṇa) iti naikadhā. bhautikānāṁ vikāreṇa rasa eko

vibhidyate.. BHĀG. P. 3, 26, 42. PAÑCAT. 61, 11. rasatas “dem

Geschmacke nach” MBH. 13, 5681. 5686. — a) Bez. “der Zahl sechs”

ŚRUT. 29. 39. VARĀH. BṚH. S. 98, 1. Ind. St. 8, 167. — b) “Geschmack”

so v. a. “Geschmacksorgan, Zunge” BHĀG. P. 4, 29, 11, 8, 20, 27. — g)

“Geschmack –, Genuss an, Neigung zu, Verlangen nach, Liebe zu” und

“das, worauf der Geschmack, die Neigung, das Verlangen gerichtet sind,

Alles was Genuss gewährt und reizt”; = rāga AK. 3, 4, 30, 229. H. an.

(wo fälschlich roga gedruckt ist). MED. HALĀY. 5, 75. hiraṇyaṁ rasena

dṛṣṭam PARAMAHAṁSOPAN. in Verz. d. Tüb. H. 7, 29. fgg. anena nūnaṁ

vedānāṁ kṛtamāharaṇaṁ rasāt MBH. 12, 13516. Spr. 1836. 2921.

KATHĀS. 3, 37. 94, 12. rasādṛte VIKR. 40. atirasatas KATHĀS. 47, 120.

nīrasāyāṁ rasaṁ bālo bālikāyāṁ vikalpayet “vermuthet Liebe bei” Spr.

2635. -khaṇḍana RAGH. 9, 35. MEGH. 29. karapuṭībhikṣānnaśāke ‘pi vā.

bālāvaktrasarojinīmadhuni vā yasyāviśeṣo rasaḥ.. Spr. 4265. iṣṭe

vastunyupacitarasāḥ MEGH. 111. UTTARAR. 19, 5 (26, 2).

gandharvadattāyā yatropari mahānrasaḥ KATHĀS. 106, 18. parānugraha-

Spr. 2845. gītarasādiva KATHĀS. 12, 19. 44, 185. mṛgayārasāt, -rasena 6,

93. 21, 16. 30. 32, 106. 35, 37. -rasamanubhūya VET. in LA. (III) 5, 2.

harārcanarasāt KATHĀS. 86, 137. tatsevārasasaṁprāpta 27, 136. 10, 2.

22, 151. strīmātrarasāt 86, 169. 67, 11. GĪT. 1, 36. RĀJA-TAR.3, 118.

DHŪRTAS. in LA. 74, 16. rasikaṁ rasena kuryādvaśe “durch das, woran

er hängt”, Spr. 2197. praṇayasya rasaṁ dattvā “Genuss” HARIV. 7111.

parāyattaḥ prīteḥ kathamiva rasaṁ vetti puruṣaḥ Spr. 4513. krīḍārasaṁ

nirviśatīva bālye KUMĀRAS. 1, 29. viṣayajarasāḥ “die aus der Sinnenwelt

hervorgehenden Genüsse” Spr. 3035. divasāḥ saṁbhṛtarasāḥ 421.

vividhaviṣayarasasparśa PRAB. 2, 10. bhavarasāsvādana Spr. 23.

bhavarase vairāgyamādhīyatām 1412. gajabandharasāsakta KATHĀS. 12,

6. saṁgama- ŚĀNTIŚ. in ŚATAKĀV. 39. sāhasaikāntarasānuvartin Spr.

1490. śṛṅgāraikarasaḥ svayaṁ nu madanaḥ “nur an – Geschmack findend”

VIKR. 9. KUMĀRAS. 5, 82. KATHĀS. 21, 3. tadā cakṣuṣmatāṁ

prītirāsītsamarasā dvayoḥ “gleichen Genuss gewährend” RAGH. 4, 18.

tatkiṁ śāstrakathārasena DHŪRTAS. in LA. 83, 15. kathāṁ rasasphītām

Spr. 730. In den folgenden Beispielen hat das Wort sowohl die Bed.

“Genuss, Reiz” als auch “Saft”: lāvaṇyarasanirjhariṇī (urvaśī) KATHĀS.

17, 7. premarasāsāravarṣiṇā cakṣuṣā 11, 49. kiṁ vā kāvyarasaḥ svāduḥ

kiṁ vā svādīyasī sudhā Spr. 3868. subhāṣitarasāsvāda 3274. — d) der

“Geschmack” eines Kunstwerks ist sein “Charakter”, sein “Grundton”,

seine “Grundstimmung”; es werden acht, neun und auch zehn Rasa

angenommen: śṛṅgāra, vīra, bībhatsa, raudra, hāsya, bhayānaka, karuṇa,

adbhuta, śānta und vātsalya (bei neun fällt das letzte fort, bei acht die

beiden letzten). AK.1,1,7,17.3,4,30,229. H. 295. 304. 327. GAUḌA beim

Schol. zu H. 294. H. an. MED. HALĀY.1,90. 92.5,75. DAŚAR.1,11.3,27. 29.

fg.4,1. SĀH. D. 45. fg. 60. 209. fgg. 247. 577. Verz. d. Oxf. H. 86,b,50. fg.

87,a,14. 211,b, No. 499. 214,a,21. fgg. 265,b,25. R.1,4,7 (3,46 GORR.).

PAÑCAT. V,44. VIKR. 36. BHĀG. P. 10,70,19. yathārasam MĀLAV. 20, 20.

Auch vom “Grundton” im Charakter eines Menschen: śānta RĀJA-TAR. 1,

23. karuṇa- UTTARAR. 37, 7 (50 7). 107, 17 (146, 1).

hāsyarasādhidevatāḥ MALLIN. zu KUMĀRAS. 7, 95. fünf Rasa (oder Rati)

“Gemüthsstimmungen” (śānti, dāsya, sākhya, vātsalya und mādhurya)

bilden die fünf Stufen in der Bhakti der Vaiṣṇava WILSON, Sel. Works 1,

163. — c) “ein Metrum von 4 Mal 70 Silben” Ind. St. 8, 107. 111. — d) =

śabda (!) VAIJ. a. a. O. — 2) f. rasā a) “Feuchtigkeit”: sindhurha vāṁ

rasayā siñcadaśvān ṚV. 4, 43, 6. rasā dadhīta vṛṣabham 8, 61, 13. — b)

N. pr. eines Flusses: yābhī rasāṁ kṣodasodbhaḥ pipinvathuḥ ṚV. 1, 112,

12. mā vo rasānitabhā kubhā ni rīramat 5, 53, 9. 10, 75, 6. — c) “ein

mythischer Strom, der die Erde und Luft umfliesst”, NIR. 11, 25. =

antarikṣanadī Comm. pari ṇaḥ śarmayantyā dhārayā soma viśvataḥ. sarā

raseva viṣṭapam ṚV. 9, 41, 6. kathaṁ rasāyā ataraḥ payāṁsi 10, 108, 1.

2. yasya samudraṁ rasayā sahāhuḥ 121, 4. siṣaktu mātā mahī rasā naḥ

5, 41, 15. — d) “die Unterwelt” (vgl. rasātala): rasāṁ

viviśatustūrṇamudakpūrve (so die ed. Bomb.) mahodadhau MBH. 12,

13479. 13503. fg. 13511 (rasānāmālaya). BHĀG. P. 3, 13, 17. 30. 42. 4, 7,

46. 5, 18, 39. 25, 13. 6, 11, 22. 8, 16, 27. 21, 25. 9, 20, 31. 10, 6, 12 (pl.).

47, 15. 70, 44. — e) “die Erde, Land” AK. 2, 1, 2. TRIK. 3, 3, 448. H. 937.

H. an. MED. HALĀY. 2, 1. Spr. 2642. NALOD. 2, 10. — f) “Zunge” TRIK. H.

ś. 122. H. an. MED. — g) N. verschiedener Pflanzen: “Clypea hernandifolia

W. et A.” AK. 2, 4, 3, 3. H. an. MED. “Boswellia thurifera Roxb.” AK. 2, 4,

4, 11. TRIK. H. an. MED. “Panicum italicum Lin.” H. an. MED. “Weinstock”

und = kākolī ŚABDAR. im ŚKDR. — 3) n. a) “Myrrhe” RĀJAN. im ŚKDR.;

vgl. oben u. 1) “a)” greek). — b) “Milch”; s. oben u. 1) a)

(greek). — c) “Geschmack” VARĀH. BṚH. S. 51, 31. in diesem

wahrscheinlich unächten Kapitel sind Verstösse gegen das Genus nicht

selten. — d) in der Stelle rasāni tānyudakānīti NIR. 11, 25 ist wohl

rasānitabhā kubhā nīti (ṚV. 5, 53, 9) zu lesen. — Vgl. a-, anu-, anna-,

amṛta- (m. auch R. 2, 30, 15. R. GORR. 1, 15, 11. Spr. 2840. KATHĀS. 22,

201. adj. “wie Nectar schmeckend” PAÑCAT. 248, 12), ayo-, ikṣu- (in der

1sten Bed. auch BHĀG. P. 5, 16, 14), upa-, eka- (adj. “nur einen

Geschmack habend” RAGH. 10, 17. anukūlatā “nur an Einem Geschmack

findend, nur Einem geltend” UTTARAR. 79, 6 = 102, 3 der neueren Ausg.;

so v. a. sthira nach dem Comm.; vgl. auch oben 1) b) greek), kanaka-,

kāma-, kṣudra-, gaṅgādhara- (lies “Mixtur”), st. “Recept” garbha-, go-,

jyotī- (Comm. zu R. 2, 94, 6: jyotirnakṣatraṁ rasaḥ pādaparasaḥ), toya-,

dravarasā, nīrasa (könnte PAÑCAT. IV, 62 auch “keine Zuneigung

habend” bedeuten), pañcarasā, piṣṭa-, puṣpa-, praṇipāta-, bahu-,

brahma-, (brahmarasāsava “der Nectar des” Brahman BHĀG. P. 4, 4, 15),

bhakti- (auch KATHĀS. 25, 230), bhūri-, madhu-, mahā- (auch

“Wohlgeschmack” R. 3, 62, 37), māṁsa-, mūrdha-, mṛgarasā, mocarasa,

yakṣa-, rajo-, rati-, vi-, viṣa-, sa-, sarva-, siddha-, su-, sudhā-, sva-.

Benfey, Theodor: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. London : 1866

rasa rasa, probably from ram,

I. m.

1. Taste (as sweet, salt), Pañc. 61, 11.

2. Pleasure, Utt. Rāmac. 146, 1; enjoyment, Śāk. d. 179; Pañc. ii. d.

175; charm, Pañc. iv. d. 62.

3. Inclination, Hit. iii. d. 115 (sāhasa-ekānta-rasa-anuvartin, adj. One

who follows only his inclination to inconsiderate haste); love, Utt. Rāmac.

26, 2.

4. Juice, Man. 2, 77; liquid, 3, 159; Śiś. 9, 46; a dish, Vikr. 19, 1.

5. Essence, Hit. iv. d. 94 (tad-, Its best).

6. Condiment, Hit. iii. d. 56.

7. Water.

8. The essential juice of the body, whence blood, etc., are supposed

to be engendered.

9. Semen virile.

10. Poison.

11. Gum myrrh.

12. Quicksilver.

13. A mineral substance, as sulphur, borax.

14. Taste, sentiment, emotion, as an object of poetry, as love, terror,

etc., Bhartṛ. 2, 21; Rām. 1, 4, 7; Pañc. v. d. 44 (? nine rasas of music).

15. Affection of the mind, Utt. Rāmac. 50, 8; passion, Vikr. d. 36; love,

Vikr. d. 40.

II. f. sā.

1. A river of the lower regions, Chr. 297, 12 = Rigv. i. 112, 12.

2. The tongue.

3. The earth.

4. A grape.

5. The name of several plants.

— Comp. a-, adj. tasteless, insipid. anu-, m. a secondary flavour, Suśr. 1,

224, 13. anna-, m. the essential properties of food, Nal. 5, 37 (the

knowledge of them). amṛta-,

I. m. the amṛta essence, the drink of immortality, Bhartṛ. 3, 77 (kāvya-,

poetical works which are like the essence of amṛta).

II. adj., f. sā, having an amṛta-like juice, Pañc. 248, 12. ikṣu-, m. the juice

of the sugar-cane, Pañc. i. d. 411. eha-,

I. m. only pleasure, Rām. 1, 9, 8.

II. adj., f. sā. 1. pleased with one object only, ib. 2, 67, 20 (v. r. Gorr.). 2.

unchanged, Utt. Rāmac. 102, 3. ka- naka-, m. 1. melted gold, Śāk. 99, 15.

2. yellow orpiment. kāma-, m. semination, MBh. 1, 3812. kṣudra-, m.

honey, Bhāg. P. 5, 13, 10. gandha-, m. myrrh, MBh. 5, 777. go-, m. 1.

milk, MBh. 5, 1143. 2. buttermilk. 3. coagulated milk. nīrasa, i. e. nis-,

adj. 1. sapless, vain, Vikr. d. 30. 2. insipid, Bhartṛ. 3, 16. 3. merciless, Utt.

Rāmac. 117, 6. 4. charmless, Pañc. iv. d. 62. piṣṭa (vb. piṣ)-, m. water

mixed with flour, MBh. 1, 5186. praṇipāta-, m. the name of a spell, Rām.

1, 31, 5 Gorr. yakṣa-, m. spirituous liquor. yathā-rasa + m, adv. according

to the sentiments, Mālav. 20, 20. vi-,

I. adj. 1. insipid. 2. painful, Utt. Rāmac. 157, 6.

II. m. pain, Utt. Rāmac. 18, 9. śṛṅgāra-eka-, adj. only pleased with love,

Vikr. d. 9. sa-, see s.v. siddha-,

I. adj. mineral, metallic.

II. m. 1. quicksilver. 2. an alchymist. su-,

I. adj. 1. well-flavoured. 2. sweet. 3. elegant.

II. m. a plant, Vitex trifolia.

III. f. sā, and n. 1. holy basil. 2. the name of several plants.

IV. f. sā, Durgā. sva-, m. 1. proper taste. 2. proper flavour. 3. expressed

juice. 4. sediment of oil. svādu-, f. sā, 1. the hog-plum. 2. a grape. 3.

vinous liquor.

Cappeller, Carl: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, based upon the St.

Petersburg Lexicons. Strassburg : 1891

rasa m. the sap or juice of plants and fruits, fluid, liquid i.g., poet. =

water; the best or finest or strongest part of anything, its essence or

bloom; taste or the organ of taste, relish or inclination for, desire of (loc.

±upari or –°), any object of taste or enjoyment; pleasure, charm,

beauty; feeling, sentiment, affection; style, character (esp. of a work of

art). –f. rasā moisture, humidity, N. of a river & a mythol. stream; the

lower world, hell.

Macdonell, Arthur Anthony: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. London : 1893

rasa ras-a, m. [2. ras], sap, juice (of plants), fruit-syrup; fluid, liquid;

water; essence, pith (of anything); quicksilver; potion, elixir; poisonous

draught; taste, flavour (as distinctive quality of fluids: six kinds are

distinguished, viz. sweet, salt, bitter, sour, pungent, astringent); object

of taste; organ of taste, tongue; relish, inclination, fondness or love for

(lc. ± upari, -°); desire; affection; pleasure, delight; charm; (flavour or

keynote in poetry), sentiment (eight Rasas are generally distinguished:

love, heroism, disgust, wrath, mirth, terror, pity, wonder, a ninth,

quietism, and a tenth, tenderness, being sometimes added); prevailing

sentiment in human character; sacred syllable om.

Rādhākāntadeva: Śabdakalpadruma (5 Vol). Third edition, reprint of the

1886 edition. Varanasi : 1967

rasa śabde . iti kavikalpadrumaḥ .. (bhvā°-para°aka°-seṭ .) rasati . iti

durgādāsaḥ ..

rasa t ka āsvāde . snehe . iti kavikalpadrumaḥ .. (adantacurā°-para°-

saka°-seṭ .) dantyopadhaḥ . rasayati madhu dvirephaḥ . iti durgādāsaḥ ..

Bhaṭṭācārya: Vācaspatyam (6 Vol). Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series 94,

reprint of the 1873-1884 edition. Varanasi : 1962

rasa āsvāde a° cu° u° saka° seṭ . rasayati te ararasat ta

rasa pu° rasyate rasa–ac . āsvādye rasanendriyagrāhye 1

madhuryādiguṇabhede 2 dehasthe bhuktānnādeḥ prathamapariṇāme 3

sāre ca oṣadhīnāṁ rasaḥ iti tāṇḍyabrā° rasaḥ sāraḥ bhā° . 4 dhātubhede

pārade 5 mādhuryā darasavati guḍādau tri° 6 puṣpasya madhuni 7

alaṅkārokte vibhāvānubhāvasañcārikābhāvavyaṅgye ratyādisthāyibhāvake

śṛṅgārādau . 8 viṣe 9 vīrye 10 rāge 11 drave amaraḥ 12 jale ca 13

gandharase puṁna° medi° 14 anne ca nighaṇṭuḥ . pāradaśabde 4311

pṛṣṭhādau rasaśodhanādi dṛśyam . dehasthadhātuheturasasvarūpādi

bhāvapra° uktaṁ yathā yatpātho rasadhāturyastato’bhavadapāṁ rasaḥ .

sadravaṁ sakalaṁ dehaṁ rasatīti rasaḥ smṛtaḥ . atha rasasya

svarūpamāha samyak pakvasya bhuktasya sāro nigadito rasaḥ . sa tu

dravaḥ sitaḥ śītaḥ svāduḥ snigdhaścalo bhavet . sāro yathā

guḍamadhūkapuṣpabakulatvagvadarīmūlādibhavaḥ sāro madirā . atha

rasasya sthānamāha sarvadeha carasyāsi rasasya hṛdayaṁ sthalam .

samānasarutā pūrvaṁ yadayaṁ hṛdaye dhṛtaḥ . atha rasasya

karmāṇyāha āruhya dhananīrgatvā dhātūn sarvānayaṁ rasaḥ . puṣṇāti

tadanu svīyairvyāpnoti ca tanuṁ guṇaiḥ . guṇaiḥ

śītasnigdhapoṣakatvaguṇaiḥ śītasnigdhapoṣakatvaiḥ

mandavahnividagdhastu kaṭurvāmlo bhavedrasaḥ . sa kuryādbahulān

rogān viṣakṛtyaṁ karotyapi . asṛkkaraśabde dṛśyam . alaṅkāraśāstrokto

raso navavidhaḥ . śṛṅgārahāsyakaruṇa raudravīrabhayānakāḥ .

bībhatso’dbhuta ityaṣṭau rasā śāntastathā mataḥ . sā° da° tallakṣaṇaṁ

tatraiva yathā vibhāvenānubhāvena vyaktaḥ sañcāriṇā tathā . rasatāmeti

ratyādiḥ sthāyī bhāvaḥ sacetasām . vibhāvādayo vakṣyante .

sāttvikāścānubhāvarūpatvāt na pṛthaguktāḥ . vyakto dadhyādinyāyena

rūpāntarapariṇataḥ vyaktīkṛta eva raso na tu dīpena ghaṭa iva

pūrvasiddho vyajyate . taduktaṁ locanakāraiḥ rasāḥ pratīyanta iti

tvodanaṁ pacatītivadyavahāra iti . atra ca ravyādipadopādānādeva

prāpne sthāyitve punaḥ sthāyipadopānaṁ ratyādīnāmapi

rasāntareṣvasthāyitvapratipādanārtham . tataśca hāsakrodhādayaḥ

śṛṅgāravīrādau ṣyabhicāriṇa eva . taduktam rasāvasthaḥ paraṁ bhāvaḥ

sthāyitāṁ pratipadyate iti . asya svarūpakathanagarbha āsvādaprakāraḥ

kathyate . sattvodrekādakhaṇḍasvaprakāśānandacinmayaḥ .

vedyāntarasparśaśūnyo brahmāsvādasahodaraḥ .

lokottaracamatkāraprāṇaḥ kaiścit pramātṛbhiḥ .

svākāravadabhinnatvenāyamāsvādyate rasaḥ . rajastamobhyāmaspṛṣṭaṁ

manaḥ sattvamihocyate ityuktaprakāro bāhyameyavimukhatāpādakaḥ

kaścanāntaro dharmaḥ sattvaṁ tasyodreka° rajastamasī

abhibhūyāvirbhāvaḥ . aca ca hetustathāvidhālaukikakrāvyārthapariśīlanam

. akhaṇḍa ityeka evāyaṁ vimāvādiratyādiprakāśasukhacamatkārātmakaḥ .

atra hetuṁ vakṣyāmaḥ . svaprakāśatvādyapi vakṣyamāṇarītyā . cinmaya

iti svarūpārthe mayaṭ . camatkāraścittavistārarūpo vismayāparaparyāyaḥ

.

tatprāṇatvañcāsmadbṛddhaprapitāmahasahṛdayagoṣṭhīgariṣṭhakavipaṇḍit

amukhyaśrīmannāyaṇapādairuktaṁ . tadāha dharmadattaḥ svagranthe

rase sāraścamatkāraḥ sarvatrāpyanubhūyate . taccamatkārasāratve

sarvatrāpyadbhuto rasaḥ . tasmādadbhutamevāha kṛtī nārāyaṇo rasamiti

. kaiściditi prāktanapuṇyaśākhibhiḥ taduktaṁ puṇyavantaḥ pramiṇvanti

yogivadrasasantatimiti yadyapi svādaḥ

kāvyārthasambhedādātmānandasamudbhavaḥ ityuktadiśā

rasasyāsvādānatiriktatvamuktaṁ tathāpi rasaḥ svādyate iti kālpanikaṁ

bhedamurarīkṛtya karmakartari vā prayogaḥ . taduktam

rasyamānatāmātrasāratvāt prakāśaparīrādananya eva hi rasaḥ iti .

evamanyatrāpyevaṁvidhasthaleṣūpacāreṇa prayogā jñeyāḥ . nanvetāvatā

rasasyājñeyatvamuktaṁ bhavatīti vyañjanāyāśca jñānaviśeṣatvād

dvayoraikyamāpatij tataśca svajñānenānyadhīhetuḥ siddhe’rthe vyañjako

mataḥ . yathā dīpo’nyathābhāve ko viśeṣo’sya kārakāt ityuktadiśā

ṣaṭapradīpavad vyaṅgyavyañjakāḥ pārthakyameveti kathaṁ rasasya

vyaṅgyateti cet satyamuktam ata evāhuḥ vilakṣaṇa evāyaṁ

gatijñāptabhedebhyaḥ svādanākhyaḥ kastidvyāpāraḥ . ata eva hi

rasanāsvādanacamatkaraṇādayo vilakṣaṇā eva vyapadeśā iti

abhidhādivilakṣaṇavyāpāratāyāḥ prasādhanagrahilairātābhī rasādīnāṁ

vyaṅgyatvamuktaṁ bhavatīti . nanu tarhi karuṇādīnāṁ rasānāṁ

duḥkhamayatvādrasatvaṁ na syādinyucyate karuṇādāvapi rase jāyate yat

paraṁ ñcukham . sacetasāmanubhavaḥ pramāṇaṁ tatra kevalam .

ādiśabdād vībhatsabhayānakādayaḥ . tathāpyasahṛdayānāṁ

mukhamudraṇāya pakṣāntaramucyate . kiñca teṣu yadā duḥkhaṁ na ko’pi

syāttadunmukhaḥ . na hi kaścit sacetā ātmano duḥkhāya pravartate

karuṇādiṣu ca sakalasyāpi sābhiniveśapravṛttidarśanāt .

anupapattyantaramāha . tathā rāmāyaṇādīnāṁ bhavitā duḥkhahetutā .

karuṇarasasya duḥkhahetutvāt

karuṇarasapradhānarāmāyaṇādiprabandhānāmapi

duḥkhahetutvaprasaṅgaḥ syāt . nanu kathaṁ duḥkhakāraṇebhyaḥ

sukhotpattirityāha hetutvaṁ śokaharṣādergatebhyo lokasaṁśrayāt .

śokaharṣādayo loke jāyantāṁ nāma laukikāḥ . alaukikavibhāvatvaṁ

prāptebhyaḥ kāvyasaṁśrayāt . sukhaṁ saṁjāyate tebhyaḥ sarvebhyo’pīti

kā kṣatiḥ . ye khalu rāmavanavāsādayo loke dukhakāraṇāni ityucyante ta

eva hi kāvyanāṭyasamarpitā alaukikavibhāvanavyāpāravattayā

kāraṇaśabdavācyatvaṁ vihāyālaukikavibhāvaśabdavācyatvaṁ bhajante .

tebhyaśca surate dantaghātādibhya iva sukhameva jāyate . ataśca

laukikaśokaharṣādikāraṇebhyo laukikaśokaharṣādayo jāyante iti loka eva

pratiniyamaḥ . kāvye punaḥ sarvebhyo’pi vimāvādibhyaḥ sukhameva

jāyate iti niyamānna kaściddoṣaḥ . kathaṁ tarhi hariścandrādicaritasya

kāvyanāṭyayerapi darśanaśruvaṇābhyāmaśrupātādayo jāyanta ityucyate .

aśrupātādayastadvaddrutatvāccetaso matāḥ . tarhi kathaṁ kāvyataḥ

sarveṣāmīdṛśī rasābhivyaktirna jāyata ityāha na jāyate tadāsvādo vinā

ratyādivāsanām . vāsanā cedānīntanī prāktanī ca rasāsvādahetuḥ . tatra

yadi ādyā na syācchrotriyajaranmīmāṁsakādīnāmapi sā syāt . yadi dvitīyā

na syād yadrāgiṇāmapi keṣāñcidrasodbodho na dṛśyate tanna syāt .

uktañca dharmadattena savāsanānāṁ sabhyānāṁ rasasyāsvādanaṁ

bhavet . nirvāsanāstu raṅgāntaḥkāṣṭhakuḍyāśmasannibhāḥ iti . nanu

kathaṁ rāmādiratyādyudbodhakāraṇaiḥ sītādibhiḥ

sāmājikaratyādyudbodha ityucyate vyāpāro’sti vibhāvādernāmnā

sādhāraṇīkṛtiḥ . tatprabhāvena yasyāsan pāthodhiplavanādayaḥ . samātā

tadabhedena svātmānaṁ pratipadyate . nanu kathaṁ manuṣyamātrasya

samudralaṅganādāvutsāhodbodha ityucyate satmāhādisamudbodhaḥ

sādhāraṇyāmimāgataḥ . nṝṇāmapi samudrādilaṅghanādau na duṣyati .

ratyādayo’pi sādhāraṇyena pratīyanta ityāha sādhāraṇyena ratyādirapi

tadvat pratīyate . ratyāderapi hyātmagatatvena pratītau sabhyānāṁ

vrīḍātaṅkādirbhavet paragatatvena tvarasyatāpātaḥ vibhāvādayo’pi

prathamataḥ sādhāraṇyena pratīyante ityāha parasya na parasyeti

mameti na mameti ca . tadāsvāde vibhāvādeḥ paricchedo na vidyate .

nanu tathāpi kathamevamalaukikatvameteṣāṁ vibhāvādīnāmityucyate

vibhāvanādivyāpāramalaukikamupeyuṣām . alaukikatvameteṣāṁ

bhūṣaṇaṁ na tu dūṣaṇam . ādiśabdādanubhāvanasañcāraṇe . tatra

vimāvanaṁ ratyāderviśeṣeṇāsvādāṅkuraṇayogyatānayanam .

anubhāvanamevambhūtasya ratyādeḥ samanantarameva rasādirūpatayā

bhāvanam . sañcāraṇaṁ tathābhūtasyaitasya samyakcāraṇam .

vibhāvādīnāṁ yathāsaṅkyaṁ kāraṇa kāryasahakāritve kathaṁ

trayāṇāmapi rasīdbodhe kāraṇatvamityucyate kāraṇaṁ kāryasañcārirūpā

api hi lokataḥ . rasodbodhe vibhāvādyāḥ kāraṇānyeva te matāḥ . nanu

tarhi kathaṁ rasāsvāde teṣāmekaḥ pratibhāsa ityucyate pratīyamānaḥ

prathamaṁ pratyekaṁ heturucyate . tataḥ saṁvalitaḥ sarvo vibhāvādiḥ

sacetasām . prapānakarasanyāyāccarvyamāṇoraso bhavet . yathā

khaṇḍamaricādīnāṁ sammelanādapūrva iva kaścidāsvādaḥ

prapānakarase saṁjāyate vibhāvādisammelanādihāpi tathetyarthaḥ .

nanu yadi vibhāvānubhāvavyabhicāribhirmilitaireva rasastat kathaṁ

ekasya dvayorvā sadbhāve’pi sa syādityucyate

sadbhāvaścedvibhāvāderdvayorakasya vā bhavet . jhaṭityanyasamākṣepe

tadā doṣo na vidyate . anyasamākṣepaśca prakaraṇādivaśāt . yathā

dorghākṣaṁ śaradindukānti vadanaṁ bāhū natāvaṁsayoḥ saṅkhiptaṁ

niviḍonnatastatamuraḥ pārśve pramṛṣṭe iva . madhyaḥ pāṇimino nitambi

jaghanaṁ pādāvudagrāṅgulī chando nartayituryathaiva manasaḥ sṛṣṭaṁ

tathāsyā vapuḥ . atra mālabikāmabhilaṣyato’gnimitrasya

mālavikārūpavibhāvamātravarṇane

sañcāriṇāmautsukyādīnāmanubhāvānāñca nayanavisphāra

dīnāmaucityādevākṣepaḥ . evamanyākṣepe’pyūhyam . anukāryagato

rasaḥ iti vadataḥ pratyāha pārimityāllaukikatvāt sāntarāyatayā tathā .

anukāryasya ratyāderudbodho na raso bhavet . sītādidarśanādijo

rāmādiratyādyudbodho hi parimito laukiko, nāṭyakāvyadarśanādeḥ

sāntarāyaśca . tasmāt kathaṁ rasarūpatāmiyāt .

rasasyaitaddharmatritayavilakṣaṇadharmakatvāt . anukartṛgatatvañcāsya

ni rasyati śikṣābhyāsādimātreṇa rāghavādeḥ svarūpatam . darśayan

nartako naiva rasasyāsvādako bhavet . kiñca kāvyārthābhāvane nāyamapi

sabhyapadāspadam . yadi punarnaṭo’pi kāvyārthabhāvanayā

rāmādirūpatāmātmano daśayet tadā so’pi sabhyamadhya eva gaṇyate .

dravyagatamadhurādirasakāraṇādikaṁ suśrute uktaṁ yathā athāto

rasaviśeṣavijñānīyamadhyāyaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ .

ākāśapavanadahanatoyabhūmiṣu yathāsaṅkhyamekotaraparivṛddhāḥ

śabdasparśarūparasagandhāḥ . tasmādāpyo rasaḥ parasparasasargāt

parasparānugrahāt parasparānupraveśācca sarveṣu sarveṣāṁ

sānnidhyamastthutkarṣāpakakarṣāttu grahaṇam . sa khalvāpyorasaḥ

śeṣabhūtasaṁsargādvibhaktaḥ ṣoḍhā vibhajyate . tadyathā madhuro’mlā

lavaṇaḥ kaṭukastiktaḥ kaṣāya iti . te ca bhūyaḥparasparasaṁsargāt

triṣaṣṭidhā bhidyante . tatra bhūmyambuguṇabāhulyānmadhuraḥ 1 .

bhūmyagniguṇabāhulyādamlaḥ 2 . toyāgniguṇabāhulyāllavaṇaḥ 3

vāyvagniguṇabāhulyāt kaṭukaḥ 4 . vāyvākāśaguṇabāhulyāttiktaḥ 5 .

pṛthivyanilaguṇabāhulyāt kaṣāyaḥ 6 iti . tatra madhurāmlalavaṇā

vātaghnāḥ . madhuratiktakaṣāyāḥ pittaghnāḥ . kaṭutiktakaṣāyāḥ

śleṣmaghnāḥ tatra vāyurātmanaivātmā pittamāgneyaṁ śleṣmā saumya iti

. ta eva rasāḥ svayonivardhanā anyayonipraśamanāśca .

rasaḥ [ras-ac]

(1) Sap, juice (of trees); ikṣurasaḥ, kusumarasaḥ &c.

(2) A liquid, fluid; Ku. 1. 7.

(3) Water; sahasraguṇamutsraṣṭumādatte hirasaṁ raviḥ R. 1. 18; Bv.

2. 144.

(4) Liquor, drink; Ms. 2. 177.

(5) A draught, potion.

(6) Taste, flavour, relish (fig. also) (considered in Vaiś. phil. as one of

the 24 gūnas; the rasas are six; kaṭu, amla, madhura, lavaṇa, tikta and

kavāya); parāyattaḥ prīteḥ kathamiva rasaṁ vettupuruṣaḥ Mu. 3. 4; U. 2.

2.

(7) A sauce, condiment.

(8) An object of taste; R. 3. 4.

(9) Taste or inclination for a thing, liking, desire; iṣṭe

vastunyupacitarasāḥ premarāśībhavaṁti Me. 112. (10) Love, affection;

jarasā yasminnahāryo rasaḥ U. 1. 39; prasarati raso nirvṛtighanaḥ 6. 11 ‘a

feeling of love’; ramādṛte V. 2. 21; Ku. 3. 37.

(11) Pleasure, delight, happiness; R. 3. 26.

(12) Charm, interest, elegance, beauty.

(13) Pathos, emotion, feeling.

(14) (In poetic compositions) A sentiment; navarasarucirāṁ

nirmitimādadhatī bhāratī kaverjayati K. P. 1. (The rasas are usually eight:

–śṛṁgārahāsyakaruṇaraudravīrabhayānakāḥ . bībhatsādbhutasaṁjñau

cetyaṣṭau nāṭyaṁ rasāḥ smṛtāḥ, but sometimes śāṁtarasa is added thus

making the total number 9; nirvedasthāyibhāvosti śāṁtopi navamo rasaḥ

K. P. 4; sometimes a tenth, vātsalyarasa, is also added. Rasas are more

or less a necessary factor of every poetic composition, but, according to

Viśvanātha, they constitute the very essence of poetry; vākyaṁ

rasātmakaṁ kāvyaṁ S. D. 3.).

(15) Essence, pith, best part.

(16) A constituent fluid of the body.

(17) Semen virile.

(18) Mercury.

(19) A poison, poisonous drink; as in tīkṣṇarasadāyinaḥ (20) Any

mineral metallic salt.

(21) Juice of the sugar-cane.

(22) Milk.

(23) Melted butter.

(24) Nectar.

(25) Soup, broth.

(26) A symbolical expression for the number ‘six’.

(27) The tongue.

(28) Myrrh.

(29) Gold. (30) A metal in a state of fusion

— Comp.

–aṁjanaṁ vitriol of copper, a sort of collyrium.

–adhika a. 1. tasty, –2. abounding in pleasures, splendid; S. 7. 20.

(

–kaḥ) borax.

–aṁtaraṁ 1. a different taste. –2. different feelings or

sentiments.

–abhiniveśaḥ intentness of affection.

–amlaḥ 1. a kind of sorrel. –2. sour sauce.

–ayanaṁ 1. an elixir of life (elixir vitae), any medicine supposed to

prolong life and prevent old age; nikhilarasāyanamahito gaṁdhenogreṇa

laśuna iva R. G. –2. (fig.) serving as an elixir vitae, i. e. that which

gratifies or regales; ānaṁdanāni hṛdayaikarasayanāni Māl. 6. 8;

manasaśca rasāyanāni U. 1. 37; śrotra-, karṇa- &c. –3. alchemy or

chemistry. –4. any medicinal compound. –5. butter-milk. –6. poison. –7.

long pepper. (

–naḥ) 1. an alchemist. –2. N. of Garuḍa. -śreṣṭhaḥ mercury. (

–nī f.) 1. a channel for the fluids of the body. –2. N. of several

plants:

–guḍūcī, kākamācī, mahākaraṁja, gorakṣadugdhā, and

māṁsacchadā. –ātmaka a. 1. consisting of juice or sentiment. –2.

elegant, beautiful. –3. having taste or flavour. –4. ambrosial; Ku. 5. 22.

–5. fluid, liquid. -ādānaṁ absorption of fluid, suction.

–ādhāraḥ the sun

–ābhāsaḥ 1. the semblance or mere appearance of a sentiment.

–2. an improper manifestation of a sentiment.

–āśraya a. embodying or representing sentiments.

–āsvādaḥ 1. tasting juices or flavours. –2. perception or

appreciation of poetic sentiments, a perception of poetical charm; as in

kāvyamṛtarasāsvādaḥ. –āsvādin m. a bee.

–āhvaḥ turpentine.

–iṁdraḥ 1. mercury. –2. the philosopher’s stone (the touch of

which is said to turn iron into gold).

–uttamaṁ milk.

–udbhavaṁ 1. a pearl. –2. vermilion.

–upalaṁ a pearl.

–ūtaṁ garlic.

–karpūraṁ sublimate of mercury.

–karman n. preparation of quicksilver.

–kesaraṁ camphor.

–gaṁdhaḥ –dhaṁ gummyrrh.

–gaṁdhakaḥ 1. myrrh. –2. sulphur.

–garmaṁ 1. = rasāṁjana. –2. vermilion.

–graha a. 1. perceiving flavours. –2. appreciating or enjoying

pleasures. (

–haḥ) the organ of taste.

–ghnaḥ borax.

–jaḥ 1. sugar, molasses. –2. an insect produced by the

fermentation of liquids.

–jaṁ blood.

–jña a. 1. one who appreciates the flavour or excellence of, one

who knows the taste of; sāṁsārikeṣu ca sukheṣu vayaṁ rasajñāḥ U. 2.

22. –2. capable of dis cerning the beauty of things. (

–jñaḥ) 1. a man of taste or feeling, a critic, an appreciative

person, a poet. –2. an alchemist. –3. a physician, or one who prepares

mercurial or other chemical compounds. (

–jñā) the tongue; Bv. 2. 59. (rasajñatā-tvaṁ means 1. poetical

skill. –2. alchemy. –3. knowledge of flavours. –4. discrimination).

–jyeṣṭhaḥ 1. the sweet taste. –2. the love sentiment.

–tejas n. blood.

–daḥ a physician.

–dhātu n. quicksilver.

–nāthaḥ mercury.

–nāyakaḥ N. of Śiva.

–netrikā red arsenic.

–pākajaḥ molasses.

–pācakaḥ a cook.

–prabaṁdhaḥ any poetical composition, particularly a drama.

–phalaḥ the cocoa-nut tree.

–bhaṁgaḥ the interruption or cessation of a sentiment.

–bhavaṁ blood.

–bhasman n. oxide of mercury.

–malaṁ impure excretions.

–mātṛkā the tongue.

–yogaḥ juices mixed scientifically.

–rājaḥ, –lohaḥ 1. = rasāṁjana. –2. quick-silver.

–vikrayaḥ sale of liquors.

–śāstraṁ the science of alchemy.

–śodhanaḥ borax. (

–naṁ) purification of mercury.

–siddha a. 1. accomplished in poetry, conversant with sentiments;

jayaṁti te sukṛtitaḥ rasasiddhāḥ kavīśvarāḥ Bh. 2. 24. –2. skilled in

alchemy.

–siddhiḥ f. skill in alchemy.

–siṁdūraṁ a cinnabar made of zinc, mercury, blue vitriel, and

nitre.

–sthānaṁ vermilion.

Rādhākāntadeva: Śabdakalpadruma (5 Vol). Third edition, reprint of the

1886 edition. Varanasi : 1967

rasaḥ puṁ, (rasatīti . ras + pacādyac . yadbā, rasyate iti . rasa āsvādane

+ puṁsi saṁjñāyāṁ ghaḥ prāyeṇa . 3 . 3 . 118 . iti ghaḥ .)

rasanendriyagrāhyavastu . sa ca

kālasahāyabhūmiviyadanilānalasaṁsargeṇa pariṇāmāntaraṁ gataḥ

ṣaṭprakāro bhavati . tatra pṛthivyambuguṇabāhulyānmadhuraḥ 1

toyāgniguṇabāhulyādamlaḥ 2 pṛthivyagniguṇa bāhulyāllavaṇaḥ 3

vāyvagniguṇabāhulyāt kaṭukaḥ 4 vāyvākāśaguṇabāhulyāt tiktaḥ 5

pṛthivyanilaguṇabāhulyāt kaṣāyaḥ 6 . āpo rasānāmādhārakāraṇaṁ ata

āpyo nāma . apāṁ pṛthivyāmanupraveśāt pṛthivyāpyādhārakāraṇameva .

tena jalakṣitī api tadādhāratayā rasānāmabhivyaktau kāraṇe .

abhivyakteśca madhurādirūpamantareṇāsambhavānmadhurādiviśeṣe’pi

jalakṣitī kāraṇe . agnyādayastu trayaḥ nīrasatayā madhurādiviśeṣe

prādhānyena nimittakāraṇam . tadvyatirekeṇāmlādirasābhāvāt .

rasābhivyakteśca agnyādibhūtatrayasannidhānaṁ

vinānupalabdherabhivyaktāvapi agnyādīnāṁ kāraṇatvam . taduktaṁ

carake .

rasanārtho rasastasya dravyamāpaḥ kṣitistathā .

nirvṛttau ca viśeṣe ca pratyayāḥ khādayastrayaḥ .. ete ca rasāḥ

parasparasaṁyogāt saptapañcāśadbha vanti . iti

cakrapāṇidattakṛtadravyaguṇopari śivadāsīyaṭīkā .. * .. (tathāca .

bhedaścaiṣāṁ triṣaṣṭividhivikalpo

dravyadeśakālaprabhāvāttadupadekṣyāmaḥ .

svāduramlādibhiryogaṁ śeṣairamlādayaḥ pṛthak .

yāni pañcadaśaitāni dravyāṇi dvirasāni tu ..

pṛthagamlādiyuktasya yogaḥ śeṣaiḥ pṛthagbhavet .

madhurasya tathāmlasya lavaṇasya kaṭostathā ..

trirasāni yathāsaṅkhyaṁ dravyāṇyuktāni viṁśati .

vakṣyante tu catuṣkeṇa dravyāṇi daśa pañca ca ..

svādbamlau sahitau yogaṁ lavaṇādyaiḥ pṛthag gatau yogaiḥ śeṣaṁ

pṛthagyātaścatuṣkaṁ rasasaṅkhyayā ..

sahitau svādulavaṇau tadvat kaṭvādibhiḥ pṛthak .

yuktau śeṣaiḥ pṛthag yogaṁ yātaḥ svādūṣaṇau tathā ..

kaṭvādyairamlalavaṇau saṁyuktau sahitau pṛthak .

yātaḥ śeṣaiḥ pṛthagyogaṁ śeṣairamlakaṭū tathā ..

yujyete tu kaṣāyeṇa satiktau lavaṇoṣaṇau .

ṣaṭ tu pañca rasānyāhurekaikasyāpavarjanāt ..

ṣaṭ caivaikarasāni syurekaṁ ṣaḍrasameva tu .

iti triṣaṣṭirdravyāṇāṁ nirdiṣṭā rasasaṅkhyayā ..

triṣaṣṭiḥ syāttvasaṅkheyā rasānurasakalpanāt .

rasāstaratamābhyastāḥ saṅkhyāmatipatanti hi ..

saṁyogāḥ saptapañcāśat kalpanā tu triṣaṣṭidhā .

rasānāṁ tatra yogyatvāt kalpitā rasacintakaiḥ ..

kvacideko rasaḥ kalpyaḥ saṁyuktāśca rasāḥ kvacit .

doṣauṣadhādīn sañcintya bhiṣajā siddhimicchatā .. parañcātaḥ

pravakṣyante rasānāṁ ṣaḍvibhaktayaḥ .

ṣaṭpañcabhūtaprabhavāḥsaṅkhyātāśca yathā rasāḥ ..

saumyāḥ khalvāpo’ntarikṣaprabhavāḥ prakṛti śītā laghuśca

avyaktarasāśca tāstvantarikṣādbhraśyamānābhraṣṭāśca pañca

mahābhūtaguṇasamanvitā jaṅgamasthāvarāṇāṁ bhūtānāṁ

mūrtīrabhiprīṇayanti yāsu mūrtiṣu ṣaḍabhimūrchanti rasāḥ .

teṣāṁ ṣaṇṇāṁ rasānāṁ somaguṇātirekānmadhuro rasaḥ

pṛthivyagnibhūyiṣṭhatvādamlaḥ salilāgnibhūyiṣṭhatvāllavaṇo

vāyvagnibhūyiṣṭhatvāt kaṭuko vāyvākāśātirekāttiktaḥ

pavanapṛthivyatirekāt kaṣāyaḥ . evameṣāṁ rasānāṁ ṣaṭtvamutpannam ..

iti ca carake sūtrasthāne 26 ādhyāyaḥ .. tathāca .

doṣāṇāṁ pañcadaśadhā prasaro’bhihitastu yaḥ .

triṣaṣṭyā rasabhedānāṁ tatprayojanamucyate ..

avidagdhā vidagdhāśca bhidyante te triṣaṣṭidhā .

rasabhedatriṣaṣṭistu vīkṣya vīkṣyāvacārayet ..

ekaikenānugamanaṁ bhāgaśo yadudīritam .

doṣāṇāṁ tatra matimān triṣaṣṭintu prayojayet ..

yathākramaṁ pravṛttānāṁ dvikeṣu madhuro rasaḥ .

pañcānukramate yogānamlaścatura eva ca ..

trīṁścānugacchati raso lavaṇaḥ kaṭuko dvayam .

tiktaḥ kaṣāyamanveti te dvika daśa pañca ca ..

tadyathā . madhurāmlaḥ . madhuralavaṇaḥ . madhuratiktaḥ .

madhurakaṭukaḥ . madhurakaṣāyaḥ . ete pañcānukrāntā madhureṇa ..

amlalavaṇaḥ . amlakaṭukaḥ . amlatiktaḥ . amlakaṣāyaḥ . ete

catvāro’nukrāntā amlena .. lavaṇakaṭukaḥ .

lavaṇatiktaḥ . lavaṇakaṣāyaḥ . ete trayo’nukrāntā lavaṇena ..

kaṭutiktaḥ . kaṭukaṣāyaḥ .

dbāvetāvanukrāntau kaṭukena .. tiktakaṣāya eka evānukrāntastiktena .

ete pañcadaśadvikasaṁyogā vyākhyātāstrikaṁ vakṣyāmaḥ ..

ādau prayujyamānastu madhuro daśa gacchati .

ṣaḍamlo lavaṇastasmādardhantvekaṁ rasaḥ kaṭuḥ ..

madhurāmlalavaṇaḥ . madhurāmlakaṭukaḥ . madhurāmlatiktaḥ .

madhurāmlakaṣāyaḥ . madhuralavaṇakaṭukaḥ .

madhuralavaṇatiktaḥ . madhuralavaṇakaṣāyaḥ . madhurakaṭukatiktaḥ

. madhurakaṭukaṣāyaḥ . madhuratiktakaṣāyaḥ . evameṣāṁ

trikasaṁyogānāṁ daśānāmādau madhuraḥ prayujyate .

amlalavaṇakaṭukaḥ . amlalavaṇatiktaḥ . amlalavaṇakaṣāyaḥ .

amlakaṭukaṣāyaḥ . amlakaṭukatiktaḥ . amlatiktakaṣāyaḥ .

evameṣāṁ ṣaṇṇāmādāvamlaḥ prayujyate . lavaṇakaṭutiktaḥ .

lavaṇakaṭukaṣāyaḥ . lavaṇatiktakaṣāyaḥ .

evameṣāṁ trayāṇāmādau lavaṇaḥ prayujyate .. kaṭutiktakaṣāyaḥ .

evamekasyādau kaṭukaḥ prayujyate ..

evameti trikasaṁyogaviṁśatirvyākhyātāḥ .. catuṣkān vakṣyāmaḥ .

catuṣkarasasaṁyogānmadhuro daśa gacchati .

caturo’mlastu gacchecca lavaṇastvekameva tu ..

madhurāmlalavaṇakaṭukaḥ . madhurāmlalavaṇatiktaḥ .

madhurāmlalavaṇakaṣāyaḥ . madhurāmlakaṭukatiktaḥ .

madhurāmlakaṭukakaṣāyaḥ . madhuralavaṇatiktakaṭukaḥ .

madhurāmlatiktakaṣāyaḥ . madhuralavaṇakaṭutiktaḥ .

madhuralavaṇakaṭukaṣāyaḥ . madhuralavaṇatiktakaṣāyaḥ .

evameṣāṁ daśānāmādau madhuraḥ prayujyate ..

amlalavaṇakaṭukatiktaḥ . amlalavaṇakaṭukaṣāyaḥ .

amlalavaṇatiktakaṣāyaḥ . amlakaṭutiktakaṣāyaḥ .

evameṣāṁ caturṇāmamlaḥ .. lavaṇakaṭutiktakaṣāyaḥ .

evamekasyādau lavaṇaḥ . evamete catuṣkarasasaṁyogāḥ

pañcadaśakīrtitāḥ .. pañcakān vakṣyāmaḥ .

pañcakān pañcamadhura ekamamlastu gacchati .

madhurāmlalavaṇakaṭutiktaḥ . madhurāmlalavaṇakaṭukaṣāyaḥ .

madhurāmlalavaṇatiktakaṣāyaḥ . madhurāmlakaṭutiktakaṣāyaḥ .

madhuralavaṇakaṭutiktakaṣāyaḥ . evameṣāṁ pañcānāṁ

pañcakarasasaṁyogānāmādau madhuraḥ prayujyate ..

amlalavaṇakaṭutiktakaṣāyaḥ . evamekasyādāvamlaḥ prayujyate .

evamete ṣaṭpañcakasaṁyogā vyākhyātāḥ .. ṣaṭkamekaṁ vakṣyāmaḥ .

ekastuṣaṭkasaṁyogaḥ madhurāmlalavaṇakaṭukatiktakaṣāyaḥ .

evamayamekaṣaṭsaṁyogaḥ ..

ekaikaśca ṣaḍrasā bhavanti . madhuro’mlo lavaṇaḥ kaṭukastiktaḥ

kaṣāya iti . bhavati cātra .

eṣā triṣaṣṭirvyākhyātā rasānāṁ rasacintakaiḥ .

doṣabhede triṣaṣṭistu prayoktavyā vicakṣaṇaiḥ .. ityuttaratantre

suśrutena triṣaṣṭitame’dhyāya uktaḥ ..

rasāstu pradhānaṁ kasmādāgamādāgamo hi śāstramucyate śāstre hi

rasā adhikṛtā yathā rasāyatta āhāra iti tasmiṁśca prāṇāḥ .

upadeśāccopadiśyante hi rasāḥ . yathā madhurāmlalavaṇā vātaṁ

śamayanti . anumānācca rasena hmanumīyate dravyaṁ yathā

madhuramiti . ṛṣivacanācca ṛṣivacanaṁ vedo yathā kiñcidijyārthaṁ

madhuramāharediti . tasmādrasāḥ pradhānaṁ raseṣu guṇasaṁjñā . iti ca

suśrute sūtrasthāne 40 adhyāye .. yathā ca, vāgbhaṭe 10 adhyāye .

kṣmāmbho’gniḥ kṣmāmbutejaḥ khavāyugnyanilago’nilaiḥ .

dvayolvaṇaiḥ kramādbhūtairmaghurādirasodbhavaḥ ..

teṣāṁ vidyādrasaṁ svāduṁ yo vaktramanulimpati .

āsvādya māno dehasya hlādano’kṣaprasādanaḥ ..

priyaḥ pipilikādīnāṁ amlaḥ kṣālayate sukham .

harṣaṇo romadantānāmakṣibhruvanikocanaḥ ..

lavaṇaḥ syandayatyāsyaṁ kapolagaladāhakṛt .

tikto viśadayatyāsyaṁ rasanaṁ pratihanti ca .

udbejayati jihvāgraṁ kurvaṁścimicimāṁ kaṭuḥ ..

srāvayatyakṣināsāsyaṁ kapolau dahatīva ca .

kaṣāyo jaḍayejjihvāṁ kaṇṭhasroto vibandhakṛt ..

rasānāmiti rūpāṇi karmāṇi madhuro rasaḥ .

ājanmasātmyāt kurute dhātūnāṁ prabalaṁ balam ..

bālavṛddhakṣatakṣīṇavarṇakeśendriyaujasam .

praśasto bṛṁhaṇaḥ kaṇṭhyaḥ stanyasandhānakṛdguruḥ ..

āyuṣyo jīvanaḥ snigdhaḥ pittānilaviṣāpahaḥ .

kurute’tyupayogena sammedaḥ kaphajān gadān ..

sthaulvāgnisādasannyāsamehagaṇḍārvudādikān ..

amlo’gnidīptikṛtsnigdho hṛdyaḥ pācanarocanaḥ .

uṣṇavīryo himasparśaḥ prīṇanaḥ kledano laghuḥ ..

karoti kaphapittāsraṁ mūḍhavātānulomanam .

so’tyabhyasta stanoḥ kuryācchaithilyaṁ timiraṁ bhramam ..

kaṇḍūpāṇḍutvavīsarpaśokavisphoṭatṛḍjvarān ..

lavaṇaḥ stambhasaṁghātabandhavidhmāpano’gnikṛt .

snehanaḥ svedanastīkṣṇo rocanaśchedabhedakṛt ..

so’tiyukto’srapavanaṁ khalatiṁ palitaṁ balim .

tṛṭakuṣṭhaviṣavīsarpān janayet kṣapayedbalam ..

tiktaḥ svayamarociṣṇuraruciṁ kṛmitṛṭviṣam .

kuṣṭhamūrchājvarotkleśadāhapittakaphān jayet ..

kledamedo vasāmajjaśakṛmmūtropaśoṣaṇaḥ .

laghurmedhyo himo rūkṣaḥ stanyakaṇṭhaviśodhanaḥ ..

dhātukṣayānilavyādhīnatiyogāt karoti saḥ ..

kaṭurgalāmayodardakuṣṭhālasakaśophajit .

vraṇāvasādanasneha medaḥ kledopaśoṣaṇaḥ ..

chinatti bandhān srotāṁsi vivṛṇoti kaphāpahaḥ .

kurute so’tiyogena tṛṣṇāṁ śukrabalakṣayam ..

mūrchrāmākuñcanaṁ kampaṁ kaṭipṛṣṭhādiṣu vyathām .

kaṣāyaḥ pittakaphahā gururasraviśodhanaḥ .

pīḍano ropaṇaḥ śītaḥ kledamedoviśoṣaṇaḥ ..

āmasaṁ stambhano grāhī rūkṣo’titvakprasādanaḥ .

karoti śīlitaḥ so’tiviṣṭambhāghmānahṛdrujaḥ ..

tṛṭkārśyapauruṣabhraṁśasrotorodhamalagrahān ..

ghṛtahemaguḍākṣoḍamocacocaparūṣakam .

abhīruvīrāpanasarājādanabalātrayam ..

mede catasraḥ parṇinyo jīvantī jīvakarṣabhau .

madhūkaṁ madhukaṁ bimbī vidārī śrāvaṇīyugam ..

kṣīraśuklā tugākṣīrī kṣīriṇyau kāśmarī sahe .

kṣīrekṣugokṣurakṣaudradrākṣādirmadhuro gaṇaḥ ..

amlo dhātrīphalāmlīkāmātuluṅgāmlavetasam .

dāḍimaṁ rajataṁ takraṁ cukraṁ pālevataṁ dadhi .

āmramāmrātakaṁ bhavyaṁ kapitthaṁ karamardakam ..

varaṁ sauvarcalaṁ kṛṣṇaṁ viḍaṁ sāmūdramaudbhidam ..

romakaṁ pāṁsujaṁ śīsaṁ kṣāraśca lavaṇo gaṇaḥ .

tiktaḥ paṭolī trāyantī bālakośīracandanam .

bhūnimbanimbakaṭukātagarāguruvatsakam ..

naktamāladvirajanīmustamūrvāṭarūṣakam .

pāṭhāpāmārgakāṁsyāyoguḍūcīdhanvayāsakam .

pañcamūlaṁ mahadbyāghryau viśālātiviṣā vacā ..

kaṭuko hiṅgumaricakṛmijitpañcakolakam .

kuṭherādyā haritakāḥ pittaṁ mūtramaruṣkaram ..

vargaḥ kaṣāyaḥ pathyākṣaṁ śirīṣaḥ khadiro madhu .

kadamboḍumbaraṁ muktāprabālāñjanagairikam .

bālaṁ kapitthaṁ kharjūraṁ visapadmotpalādi ca ..

madhuraṁ śleṣmalaṁ prāyo jīrṇācchāliyavādṛte .

mudgādgodhūmataḥ kṣaudrātsitāyā jāṅgalāmiṣāt ..

prāyo’mlaṁ pittajananaṁ dāḍimāmalakādṛte .

apathyaṁ lavaṇaṁ prāyaścakṣuṣo’nyatra saindhavāt ..

tiktaṁ kaṭu ca bhūyiṣṭhamabṛṣyaṁ vātakopanam .

ṛte’mṛtāpaṭolīmyāṁ śuṇṭhīkṛṣṇārasonataḥ ..

kaṣāyaṁ prāyaśaḥ śītaṁ stambhanaṁ cābhayāmṛte ..

rasā kaṭvamlalavaṇā vīryeṇoṣṇā yathottaram .

tiktaḥ kaṣāyo madhurastadvadeva ca śītalaḥ ..

tiktaḥ kaṭuḥ kaṣāyaśca rūkṣā baddhamalāstathā ..

paṭvamlamadhurāḥ snigdhāḥ sṛṣṭaviṇmūtramārutā ..

paṭoḥ kaṣāyastasmācca madhuraḥ paramaṁ guruḥ ..

laghuramlaḥ kaṭustasmāttasmādapi ca tiktakaḥ .

saṁyogāḥ saptapañcāśatkalpanā tu triṣaṣṭidhā .

rasānāṁ yaugikatvena yathāsthūlaṁ vibhajyata ..

ekaikahīnāṁstān pañca pañca yānti rasā dbike .

trike svādurdaśāmlaḥ ṣaṭ trīn paṭustikta ekakam ..

catuṣkeṣu daśa svāduścaturo’mlaḥ paṭuḥ sakṛt .

pañcakeṣvekamevāmlo madhuraḥ pañca sevate .

dravyamekaṁ ṣaḍāsvādamasaṁyuktāśca ṣaḍrasāḥ ..

ṣaṭpañcakāḥ ṣaṭ ca pṛthagrasāḥ syuścaturdvikau pañcadaśaprakārau .

bhedāstrikāviṁśatirekamekaṁ dravyaṁ ṣaḍāsvādamiti triṣaṣṭiḥ ..

te rasānurasato rasabhedāstāratamyaparikalpanayā ca .

sambhavanti gaṇanāṁ samatītā .

doṣabheṣajavaśādupayojyāḥ .. atha ṣaḍrasaguṇāḥ .

madhuraḥ prīṇano balyo vṛṁhaṇo’nilapittahā .

rasāyaṇo guruḥ snigdhaścakṣuṣyaḥ śītalaśca saḥ ..

āyuḥkṛdbraṇahā rucyaḥ kaṇṭhyodāvartanāśakaḥ .

amlo rucikaro hṛdyaḥ prīṇano vahnivardhanaḥ ..

vātahā rasanodbegī snigdhoṣṇo raktamāṁsadaḥ .

kledanastarpaṇaḥ paktā laghuvyāpī kaṭuśca yaḥ ..

lavaṇaḥ kledanastīkṣṇaḥ pācanoddīpano rasaḥ .

snigdho rucikaraḥ syandī dṛṣṭiśuklakaro’guruḥ ..

kaṭurjihvāsyanāsākṣirocano rucirāṅgakṛt .

uṣṇastīkṣṇo laghuḥ kaṇḍūkṛmiśukrakaphāpahaḥ ..

laghuḥ śoṣī paktikaraḥ śleṣmākarṣaṇakaḥ paṭuḥ .

tiktaḥ pittakaphachedī viṣakuṣṭhajvarāpahaḥ ..

dīpanaḥ pācano rūkṣaḥ kaṇḍūkṛmiharo laghuḥ .

kaṣāyaḥ śoṣakaḥ stambhī vraṇaglānārtināśanaḥ ..

kaphaśoṇitapittaghno rūkṣaḥ śīto laghustathā .

śītalaḥ pittahā balyaḥ kaphavātaharo guruḥ ..

uṣṇaṁ pittakaro vīryo vātaśleṣmaharo laghuḥ .

śītaṁ vīryeṇa yaddravyaṁ madhuraṁ rasapākayoḥ ..

tayoramlaṁ kaṭuṣṇañca yaccoṣṇaṁ kaṭukaṁ tayoḥ .

kaṭutiktakaṣāyāṇāṁ vipākaḥ prāyaśaḥ kaṭuḥ ..

amloṣṇaṁ pacyate svādu madhuraṁ lavaṇaṁ tathā .

kaṭurvipāke śukraghno baddhaviḍvātalo laghuḥ ..

svādurguruḥ sṛṣṭamalo vipāke kaphaśukralaḥ .

pāke’mlaḥ sṛṣṭavimmūtrapittakṛcchukrakṛllaghuḥ .. gāruḍe ..

kaṭutiktakaṣāyāśca kopayanti samīraṇam .

kaṭvamlalavaṇāḥ pittaṁ svādbamlalavaṇāḥ kapham ..

ataeva viparyastāḥ samāyaiṣāṁ prayojitāḥ .

cakṣuṣyo madhuro jñeyo raso dhātuvivardhanaḥ ..

sthaulyālasyaviṣaghnaśca kaṭūddīpana pācanaḥ .. ityāhnikatattvam ..)

nyāyamate tu .

rasastu rasanāgrāhyo madhurādiranekadhā .

sahakārī rasajñāyā nityatvādi ca pūrbavat .. iti bhāṣāparicchedaḥ ..

rasastviti . sahakārīti rāsanajñāne rasakāraṇamityarthaḥ . pūrbavaditi

jalaparamāṇo raso nityaḥ anyaḥ sarvo’pi raso’nitya ityarthaḥ . iti

siddhāntamuktāvalī .. * .. śarīrasthadhātuviśeṣaḥ . tatparyāyaḥ . rasikā 2

svedamātā 3 vapuḥsravaḥ 4 carmāmbhaḥ 5 carmasāraḥ 6 raktasāraḥ 7

asramātṛkā 8 . iti rājanirghaṇṭaḥ .. āhārasambhavaḥ 9 tejaḥsambhavaḥ

10 agnisambhavaḥ 11 ṣaḍrasāsavaḥ 12 ātreyaḥ 13 asṛkkaraḥ 14

dhātughanaḥ 15 mūlamahāparaḥ 16 iti hemacandraḥ .. tasya niruktiryathā

—

yat pārtho rasadhāturyastato’bhavadayaṁ rasaḥ .

sadaiva sakalaṁ dehaṁ rasatīti rasaḥ smṛtaḥ .. tasya svarūpamāha .

samyakpakkasya bhuktasya sāro nigadito rasaḥ .

sa tu dravaḥ sitaḥ śītaḥkhāduḥ snigdhaścalo bhavet .. sāraḥ . yathā,

guḍamadhūkapuṣpavakulatvagvadarīmūlādibhavaḥ sāro madirā . tasya

sthānamāha .

sarvadehacarasyāpi rasasya hṛdayaṁ sthalam .

samānamarutā pūrbaṁ yadayaṁ hṛdaye dhṛtaḥ .. tasya karmāṇyāha .

āruhya dhamanīrgatvā dhātūn sarvānayaṁ rasaḥ .

puṣṇāti tadanu svīyairvyāpnoti ca tanuṁ guṇaiḥ .. guṇaiḥ

śītasnigdhapoṣakatvaiḥ .

mandavahnividagdhastu kaṭurvāmlo bhavedrasaḥ .

sa kuryādbahulān rogān viṣakṛtyaṁ karotyapi .. iti bhāvaprakāśaḥ ..

(tathā ca . tatra pāñcabhautikasya caturvidhasya ṣaḍrasasya

dvividhavīryasyāṣṭavidhavīryasya vānekaguṇasyopayuktasyāhārasya

samyak pariṇatasya yastejobhūtaḥ sāraḥ paramasūkṣmaḥ sa rasa

ityucyate . tasya ca hṛdayaṁ sthānaṁ sa hṛdayāccaturviṁśatiṁ

dhamanīranupraviśyordhvagā daśa daśa cādhogāminīścatasrastiryaggāḥ

kṛtsnaṁ śarīramaharahastarpayati vardhayati dhārayati yāpayati jīvayati

cādṛṣṭahetukena karmaṇā . tasya śarīramanudhāvato’numānād

gatirupalakṣayitavyā kṣayavṛddhivaikṛtaiḥ . tasmin

sarvaśarīrāvayavadoṣadhātumalāśayānusāriṇi rase jijñāsā kimayaṁ

saumyastaijasa iti . atrocyate sa khalu dravānusārī

snehanajīvanatarpaṇadhāranādibhirviśeṣaiḥ saumya ityavagamyate . iti

ca suśrute sūtrasthāne caturdaśe’dhyāye .. * ..) śṛṅgārādidaśavidhasthāyī

bhāvaḥ . śṛṅgārādayo’ṣṭau rasaśabdavācyāḥ . rasyante āsvādyante rasāḥ

rasat ka tvāsvāde ghañ . tathā hi . vibhāvairanubhāvaiśca vyakto vā

vyabhicāribhiḥ . āsvādyatvāt pradhānatvāt sthāyī bhāvo raso bhevediti ..

ratyutsāhaśoka-vismayahāsabhayajugupsākrodhāḥ kramādete syuḥ

sthāyinaḥ . yaduktam .

ratirhāsaśca śokaśca krodhotsāhau bhayaṁ tathā .

jugupsā vismayaśceti sthāyibhābhāḥ kramādamī ..

samaye yaḥ samudbhūtaḥ svānte yaścāvatiṣṭhate .

bhāvaḥ sthāyī sa vijñeyo vyabhicārī tato’nyathā .

nirvedaglāniśaṅkādyā vyabhicāriṇa īritāḥ .. sthāyinaḥ kāraṇaṁ

vibhāvaḥ sa cāvalambanoddīpanatvena dvividhaḥ . yathā

rateravalambanakāraṇaṁ puṁso yuvatī yuvatyāśca pumān .

uddīpanakāraṇaṁ srakcandanādi . evaṁ sarvatronneyam .

ratipramodātmako bhāvaḥ sa ca yuvabhirutpāditaḥ śṛṅgāraḥ . yadāha .

puṁsaḥstriyāṁ striyāḥpuṁsi saṁyogaṁ prati yā spṛhā . sa śṛṅgāra iti

khyāto ratikrīḍādikāraṇam .. dānadharmayuddheṣu jīvānapekṣotsāhakārī

raso vīraḥ . śokasthāyibhāvaḥ karuṇaḥ .

asambhāvitamartyāntarīkṣagamanādijo’dbhutaḥ . kautukodbhavo hāsaḥ .

krudhyadrākṣasādibhayajanyo bhayānakaḥ . ghṛṇākarapūyarasādijo

vībhatsaḥ . sarvābhibhāvitā raudraḥ . yathā, rāvaṇacaritādi . śānto’pi

raso’sti .

śṛṅgāravīravībhatsaraudrahāsyabhayānakāḥ .

karuṇādbhutaśāntāśca nava nāṭyā rasāḥ smṛtāḥ .. iti ratnakoṣaḥ ..

evaṁ vatsalo’pi raso’sti .

śṛṅgāravīrakaruṇādbhutahāsyabhayānakāḥ .

vībhatsaraudrau vātsalyaṁ śāntaśceti rasā daśa .. iti nāmanidhānam

.. vatsalaḥ puttrādisnehāt svāratibheda eva . śāntastvalaukikatvānnoktaḥ

. iti mukuṭaḥ .. caśabdāt śāntavatsalāvapi saṁgṛhītāviti kecit .

ityamaraṭīkāyāṁ bharataḥ .. * .. api ca . tatra

śṛṅgārādisarvarasakadambamūrtirbhagavān tattadabhiprāyānusāreṇa

babhau na sākalyena sarveṣāmityāha . mallānāmiti . mallādīnāṁ

daśānāṁ draṣṭṝṇāṁ aśanyādirūpeṇa daśadhā viditaḥ san sāgrajo raṅgaṁ

gataḥ ityanvayaḥ . mallādiṣu abhivyaktā rasāḥ krameṇa ślokena

nivaghyante .

raudro’dbhutaśca śṛṅgāro hāsyavīrau dayā tathā .

bhayānakaśca vībhatsaḥ śāntaḥ sapremabhaktikaḥ .. aviduṣāṁ virāṭ

vikalaḥ aparyāpto jaḍa iti yāvat . anena vībhatsa uktaḥ . vikalatvañca kva

vajrasārasarvāṅgāvityādinā vakṣyati . iti śrīmadbhāgavate 10 skandhe 43

adhyāye 15 ślokaṭīkāyāṁ śrīdharasvāmī .. * .. (tathā ca .

rase sāraścamatkāraḥ sarvatrāpyanubhūyate ..

taccamatkārasāratve sarvatrāpyadbhuto rasaḥ .

tasmādadbhatamevāha kṛtī nārāyaṇo rasam .. iti sāhityadarpaṇe

dharmadattaḥ .. rasaḥ kathyate .

vibhāvenānubhāvena vyaktaḥ sañcāriṇā tathā .

rasatāmeti ratyādiḥ sthāyī bhāvaḥ sacetasām .. asya

svarūpakathanagarbha āsvādaprakāraḥ kathyate .

sattvodrekādakhaṇḍasvaprakāśānandacinmayaḥ .

vedyāntarasparśaśūnyo brahmāsvādasahodaraḥ ..

lokottaracamatkāraprāṇaḥ kaiścit pramātṛbhiḥ .

svākāravadabhinnatve nāyamāsvādyate rasaḥ .

rajastamobhyāmaspṛṣṭaṁ manaḥ sattvamihocyate .. iti

sāhityadarpaṇe viśvanāthaḥ .. 3 ..

śṛṅgārahāsyakaruṇaraudravīrabhayānakāḥ .

vībhatsādbhutasaṁjñau cetyaṣṭau nāṭhye rasāḥ smṛtāḥ .. śṛṅgārasya

yathā —

śṛṅgaṁ hi manmathodbhedastadāgamanahetukaḥ .

uttamaprakṛtiprāyo rasaḥ śṛṅgāra iṣyate ..

paroḍhāṁ varjayitvā tu veśyāñcānanurāgiṇīm .

ālambanaṁ nāyikāḥ syurdakṣiṇādyāśca nāyakāḥ ..

candracandanarolambarutādyuddīpanaṁ matam .

bhrūvikṣepakaṭākṣādiranubhāvaḥ prakīrtitaḥ ..

tvaktvaugryamaraṇālasyajugupsā vyabhicāriṇaḥ .

sthāyī bhāvo ratiḥ śyāmavarṇo’yaṁ viṣṇudaivataḥ .. yathā —

śūṇyaṁ vāsagṛhaṁ vilokya śayanādutthāya kiñcicchanaiḥ

nidrāvyājamupāgatasya suciraṁ nirvarṇya patyurmukham .

viśrabdhaṁ paricumbya jātapulakāmālokya gaṇḍasthalīṁ

lajjānamramukhī priyeṇa hasatā bālā ciraṁ cumbitā .. hāsyasya .

vikṛtākāravāgveśaceṣṭādeḥ kuhakādbhavet .

hāso hāsyasthāyibhāvaḥ śvetaḥ pramathadaivataḥ ..

vikṛtākāravākceṣṭaṁ yadālokya hasennaraḥ .

tadatrālambanaṁ prāhustacceṣṭoddīpanaṁ matam ..

anubhāvo’kṣisaṅkocavacanasmeratādayaḥ .

nidrālasyāvahitthādyā atra syurvyabhicāriṇaḥ ..

jyeṣṭhānāṁ smitahasite madhyānāṁ vihasitāvahasite ca .

nīcānāmapahasitaṁ tathātihasitañca ṣaḍbhedāḥ ..

īṣadvikāsinayanaṁ smitaṁ syāt spanditādharam .

kiñcillakhyadvijaṁ tatra hasitaṁ kathitaṁ budhaiḥ ..

madhurasvaraṁ vihasitaṁ sāṁsaśiraḥkampanamavahasitam .

apahasitaṁ sāsrākṣaṁ vikṣiptāṅgaṁ bhavatyatihasitam .. yathā —

ākuñcya pāṇimaśuciṁ mama mūrdhni veśyā mantrāmbhasāṁ

pratipadaṁ pṛṣataiḥ pavitre .

tārasvaraṁ prathitathūtkamadāt prahāraṁ hāhā hato’hamiti roditi

viṣṇuśarmā .. karuṇasya .

iṣṭanāśādaniṣṭāpteḥ karuṇākhyo raso bhavet .

dhīraiḥ kapotavarṇo’yaṁ kathito yamadaivataḥ ..

śoko’tra sthāyibhāvaḥ syācchocyamālambanaṁ matam .

tasya dāhādikāvasthā bhaveduddīpanaṁ punaḥ .

anubhāvā daivanindā bhūpātakrandanādayaḥ ..

vaivarṇocchāsaniśvāsastambhapralapanāni ca .

nirvedamohāpasmāravyādhiglānismṛtiśramāḥ ..

viṣādajaḍatonmādacintādyā vyabhicāriṇaḥ .. yathā —

vipine kva jaṭānibandhanaṁ tava cedaṁ kva manoharaṁ vapuḥ .

anayorghaṭanāvidheḥ sphuṭaṁ nanu khaḍgena śirīṣakartanam ..

raudrasya .

raudraḥ krodhaḥ sthāyibhāvo rakto rudrādhidaivataḥ .

ālambanamaristatra tacceṣṭoddīpanaṁ matam ..

muṣṭiprahārapatanavikṛtacchedāvadāraṇaiścaiva .

saṁgrāmasaṁbhramādyairasyoddīptirbhavet prauḍhā ..

bhrūvibhaṅgoṣṭhanirdiṁśabāhusphoṭanatarjanam .

ātmāvadānakathanamāyudhotkṣepaṇāni ca ..

anubhāvāstathākṣepakrūrasandarśanādayaḥ .

ugratāvegaromāñca svedavepathavo madaḥ ..

mohāmarṣādayaścātra bhāvāḥ syurvyabhicāriṇaḥ .. yathā —

kṛtamanumataṁ dṛṣṭaṁ vā yairidaṁ guru pātakaṁ

manujapaśubhirnirmaryādairbhavadbhirudāyudhaiḥ .

narakaripunā sārdhaṁ teṣāṁ

sabhīmakirīṭināmayamahamasṛṅmedomāṁsaiḥ karomi diśāṁ valim ..

vīrasya .

uttamaprakṛtirvīra utsāhastāyibhāvakaḥ mahendradaivato

hemavarṇo’yaṁ samudāhṛtaḥ ..

ālambanavibhāvāśca vijetavyādayo matāḥ .

vijetavyādiceṣṭhādyāstatroddīpanarūpiṇaḥ ..

anubhāvāstu tatra syuḥ sahāyānveṣaṇādayaḥ .

sañcāriṇastu ghṛtimatigarvasmṛtitarkaromāñcāḥ ..

sa ca dānadharmayuddhairdayayā ca samanvitaścaturdhā syāt ..

yathā —

kṣudrāḥ santrāsamete vijahita harayaḥ ! kṣuṇṇaśakrebhakumbhā

yuṣmaddeheṣu lajjāṁ dadhati paramamī sāyakā niṣpatantaḥ .

saumitre ! tiṣṭha pātraṁ tvamasi nahi ruṣāṁ nanvahaṁ meghanādaḥ

kiñcid bhrūbhaṅgalīlāniyamitajaladhiṁ rāmamanveṣayāmi ..

bhayānakasya .

bhayānako bhayasthāyibhāvaḥ kālādhidaivataḥ .

strīnīcaprakṛtiḥ kṛṣṇo matastatvaviśāradaiḥ ..

yasmādutpadyate bhītistadatrālambanaṁ matam .

ceṣṭā voratarā tasya tadatroddīpanaṁ punaḥ ..

anubhāvo’tra vaivarṇyagadgadasvarabhāṣaṇam .

pulakasvedaromāñcakampadikprekṣaṇādayaḥ ..

jugupsāvegasammohasantrāsaglānidīnatāḥ .

śaṅkāpasmārasambhrāntimṛtvyādyā vyabhicāriṇaḥ .. yathā —

grīvābhaṅgābhirāmaṁ muhuranupatati syandane dattadṛṣṭiḥ

paścārdhena praviṣṭaḥ śarapatanabhayādbhūyasā pūrbakāyam .

śaṣpairardhāvalīḍhaiḥ śramavivṛtamukhabhraṁsibhiḥ kīrṇavartmā

paśyodagraplutatvādviyati bahutaraṁ stokamurvyāṁ prayāti ..

vībhatsasya .

jugupsā sthāyibhāvastu vībhatsaḥ kathyate rasaḥ .

nīlavarṇo mahākāladevato’yamudāhṛtaḥ ..

durgandhamāṁsapiśitamedāṁsyālambanaṁ matam .

tatraiva kṛmipātādiruddīpanamudāhṛtam ..

niṣṭhīvanāsyavalananetrasaṅkocanādayaḥ .

anubhāvāstatra matāstatra syurvyabhicāriṇaḥ ..

moho’pasmāra āvego vyādhiśca maraṇādayaḥ .. yathā —

utkṛtyotkṛtyakṛttiṁ prathamamatha pṛthūtsedhabhūyāṁsi

māṁsānyaṁśasphik pṛṣṭhapiṇḍādyavayavasulabhānyugrapūtīni jagdhvā .

antaḥparyastanetraḥ prakaṭitadaśanaḥ pretaraṅkaḥ

karaṅkādaṅkasthādasthisaṁsthaṁ sthapuṭagatamapi

kravyamavyagramatti .. adbhutasya .

adbhuto vismayasthāyibhāvo gandharvadaivataḥ .

pītavarṇo vastu lokātigamālambanaṁ matam ..

guṇānāṁ tasya mahimā bhaveduddīpanaṁ punaḥ .

stambhaḥ svedo’tha romāñcagadgadasvarasaṁbhramāḥ ..

tathā netravikāsādyā anubhāvāḥ prakīrtitāḥ .

vitarkāvegasambhrāntiharṣādyā vyabhicāriṇaḥ .. yathā,

citraṁ mahāneṣa vatāvatāraḥ kva kātireṣābhinavaiva bhaṅgiḥ .

lokottaraṁ dhairyamaho prabhāvaḥ kāpyākṛtirnūtana eṣa sargaḥ ..

śāntasya .

nirvedasthāyibhāvo’sti śānto’pi navamo rasaḥ .. tathā ca .

śāntaḥ śamasthāyimāva uttamaprakṛtirmataḥ .

kundendusundaracchāyaḥ śrīnārāyaṇadaivataḥ ..

anityatvādināśeṣavastuniḥsāratā tu yā .

paramātmasvarūpaṁ vā tasyālambanamiṣyate ..

puṇyāśramaharikṣetratīrtharamyavanādayaḥ .

mahāpuruṣasaṅgādyāstasyoddīpanarūpiṇaḥ ..

romāñcādyāścānubhāvāstathāsyurvyabhicāriṇaḥ .

nirvedaharṣasmaraṇamatibhūtadayādayaḥ .. yathā —

ahau vā hāre vā kusumaśayane vā dṛṣadi vā maṇau vā loṣṭre vā

balavati ripau vā suhṛdi vā .

tṛṇe vā straiṇe vā mama samadṛśo yānti divasāḥ kvacit puṇye’raṇye

śivaśivaśiveti pralapataḥ .. iti kāvyaprakāśasāhityadarpaṇe ..

viśeṣavistṛtistu sāhityadarpaṇe tṛtīyaparicchede draṣṭavyā ..

tantraśāstre’pi sādhakānāmupāsanāsaukaryārthaṁ rasāsvādaḥ

rasaprakāraśca kathyate . yathā — bhairava uvāca .

kriyākāṇḍaprakathane tantraṁ bahutaraṁ bhavet .

kiñcillakṣaṇameteṣāṁ saṁkṣepāt kathayāmi te ..

kāvyaśāstrenava rasā yoge cāṣṭau rasāḥ smṛtāḥ ..

aṣṭādaśaprakārā hi vidyāyāḥ parikīrtitāḥ .

bhaktiyoge nava rasā ṛtavo viṣaye smṛtāḥ ..

rañcamādyā rasā devi ! pañcapañcāśataḥ smṛtāḥ .

bhedaṁ rasānāṁ vakṣyāmi śṛṇuṣvāvahitā priye ..

śṛṅgāravīrakaruṇahāsyodbhutabhayānakāḥ .

vībhatsaḥ śāntako raudro navadhā kāvyaśāstrake ..

yamaśca niyamaścaiva āsanaṁ prāṇasaṁyamaḥ .

pratyāhāro dhāraṇā ca dhyānaṁ samādhiraṣṭadhā ..

yogaśāstre mahādevi kathitā vistarāt priye ..

chandaḥ pādau ca vedasya mukhaṁ vyākaraṇaṁ smṛtam .

śikṣā ghrāṇaṁ maheśāni ! hastau kalpo’tha kathyate ..

jvotiṣaṁ devi tannetraṁ niruktaṁ śrotramucyate .

aṅgāni vedāścatvāro mīmāṁsānyāyavistaraiḥ ..

dharmaśāstraṁ purāṇañca vidyā hyetāścaturdaśa .

āyurvedo dhanurvedo gāndharvāśceti te trayaḥ ..

arthaśāstrasamāyuktā vidyāṣṭādaśadhā rasāḥ .

mananaṁ kīrtanaṁ dhyānaṁ smaraṇaṁ pādasevanam ..

arcanaṁ vandanaṁ dāsyaṁ sakhyamātmasamarpaṇam .

itthaṁ devi nava rasā bhaktiyoge prakīrtitāḥ ..

sraggandhavanitāśayyāvastrālaṅkaraṇāni ca .

kathitāḥ parameśāni viṣaye ṛtavo rasāḥ ..

khādyāḥ pañcarasā gauḍī mādhvīkṣuphalaśasyakāḥ .

eteṣu rasabhāvajñā ye te vai rasikāḥ smṛtāḥ ..

kṛtyavidhirjapavidhirdravyaśodhaniko vidhiḥ .

bāhyamānasikī pūjā vidhiśca parameśvari ! ..

puraścaryāvidhirdevi ! karmakāṇḍāni pañcadhā .

tridhā kṛtya vidhirdevi ! prātaḥ sāyaṁ dinantathā ..

anubhūya rasān sarvān kriyākāṇḍa vidhāya ca .

sādhakaḥ sthiracittena kuryāt pūrṇābhiṣecanam .. iti

vāmakeśvaratantre trayaḥpañcāśat paṭalaḥ .. devyuvāca .

mantraprakathanaṁ nātha ! deva prakathanaṁ katham .

tattadrasānāṁ vacanaiścittaṁ mohayasīva me ..

sāmprataṁ saṁśayacchedakāraṇaṁ brūhi me prabho ! ..

āścaryākhyānamevaṁ hi śravaṇāt kautukaṁ mahat ..

bhairava uvāca .

tantroktaṁ vedavākyañca sarvajñānasya kāraṇam .

bhedaṁ rasānāṁ vakṣyāmi śṛṇuṣvāvahitā satī ..

śṛṅgāro vīrato jñeyastasmiṁste karuṇādayaḥ .

śṛṅgārādighṛṇādiśca api śṛṅgārato bhavet ..

śṛṅgārastu yadā devī paramārthakasūcakaḥ .

tadaiva paramā śāntī rudratvaṁ saṁprapadyate ..

teṣāṁ prakaraṇārthantu śṛṇu prāṇādhike ! mayi .

pādaṁ vinā śarīrasya na gatirvidyate priye ! ..

chandasā vedamārge tu praviśenna kadācana ..

alaṅkāraṁ vinācchando na śobheta priyaṁvade ..

cakṣuḥ parokṣabhedaḥ syāt jyotiḥśāstraṁ tathaivaca .

candrasūryasya grahaṇāt jyotiḥ pratyakṣatāmiyāt ..

vedaśākhā niruktaṁ syāt śākhābhirbrahma jāyate .

gānakārye śrūyamāṇe bhaktirbhavati brahmaṇi ..

tadaiva gānakṛtyañca mukhanāsikayorbhavet .

gānaṁ vinā na nṛtyaṁ syāt nṛtyaṁ gānena jāyate ..

śikṣāśāstraṁ nāṭakādi śabdavyākaraṇaṁ smṛtam .

avinābhāvasambandhātdbayoreva śucismite .. ! vedāḥ ṣaḍaṅgasahitāḥ

brahmavyākhyānatatparāḥ .

nyāyena sārdhaṁ mīmāṁsā brahma nirṇīyate dhruvam ..

brahmajñāne tu jīvasya paramātmavicāraṇam .

dharmaśāstrānusāreṇa vyavasthādirnirūpitaḥ ..

purāṇākhyāni tenaiva jāyate satataṁ priye ! .

brahmānandaparo jīva ātmasaṁrakṣaṇotsukaḥ ..

āyurvedaṁ dhanurvedaṁ gāndharvañca samabhyaset .

anusandhānato devi pūrṇajñānī ca sādhakaḥ ..

madhunekṣurasenaiva dugdhādiphalaśasyakaiḥ .

gandhamālyādinā devi ! vastrālaṅkaraṇādinā ..

śayyāyāṁ vanitārūpaṁ pūjayejjagadambikām .

vanitāpūjane devi ! śṛṅgāro rasasādhanam ..

pūjanaṁ karmakāṇḍañca pañcadhā tatprakīrtitam .

tatsarvaṁ sādhayedvīro devī samprāptihetave ..

pūjane navadhā bhaktī rasollāsaśca jāyate .

tadā yogaṁ samabhyasya samādhistho bhavedyatiḥ ..

ataeva maheśāni ! puraiva kathitaṁ mayā .

anubhūya rasān sarvān pañcapañcāśataḥ priye ! ..

viṣaye karmakāṇḍeṣu niṣkāmī bhavati priye ! .

niṣkāme phalamāścaryaṁ tena tṛpyati devatā ..

dehī dehaṁ samāśritya na ca karma parityajet .

divyāṁ kriyāṁ samāpyaivaṁ devīyātrādikarmaṇā ..

pūrṇajñānarasānandāt jīvanmukto bhaveddhruvam .. iti

vāmakeśvaratantre catuḥpañcāśat paṭalaḥ .. rasasya

parabrahmasvarūpatvamapyuktam . yathā — raso vai saḥ . iti śrutiḥ ..

sandhyāmantre’pi . āpo jyoto raso’mṛtaṁ brahma . atra

brāhmaṇasarvasve halāyudhaḥ .. sa eva brahmarūpo bhargo rasaḥ

tṛṇavṛkṣauṣadhyādiṣu sthāvareṣu ca sa eva rasarūpeṇa vasatītyarthaḥ .

tathā ca yogiyājñavalkyaḥ .

vṛkṣauṣadhitṛṇānāñca rasarūpeṇa tiṣṭhati ..

śrīmadbhagavadgītāyāmapi .

raso’hamapsu kaunteya iti ..) pitham . (yathā, mudrārākṣase 2 aṅke .

ye mantreṣu raseṣu ca praṇihitāstaireva te ghātitāḥ ..) vīryam . guṇaḥ

. rāgaḥ . (yathā —

kavitā komalavanitā rasayati rasikaṁ rasena militā .

sā yadi durjanahaste patitā pratipadabhagnā saṁśayamagnā ..

ityudbhaṭaḥ ..) dravaḥ . ityamaraḥ . 3 . 3 . 226 .. gandharasaḥ .

(tatparyāyo yathā —

vidvān golaḥ piṇḍakaśca piṇḍo volo raso rasaḥ ..) jalam . (yathā,

raghau . 1 . 18 .

prajānāmeva bhūtyarthaṁ sa tābhyo valimagrahīt .

sahasraguṇamutsraṣṭumādatte hi rasaṁ raviḥ ..) pāradaḥ . iti medinī

.. (tatra rasaprādhānyamāha . alpamātropayogitvādaruceraprasaṅgataḥ .

kṣipramārogyadāyitvādauṣadhebhyo’dhiko rasaḥ .. sādhyeṣu bheṣajaṁ

sarvamīritaṁ tattvavedinā . asādhyeṣvapi dātavyo raso’taḥ śreṣṭha

ucyate .. hato hanti jarāvyādhiṁ mūrchito vyādhighātakaḥ . vaṅgaḥ

khecaratāṁ dhatte ko’nyaḥ sūtāt kṛpākaraḥ .. atha rasaparyāyamāha .

rasendraḥ pāradaḥ sūtaḥ sūtarājaśca sūtakaḥ .

śivatejo rasaḥ sapta nāmānyevaṁ rasasya tu .. matāntaram .

śivabījaṁ rasaḥ sūtaḥ pāradaśca rasendrakaḥ .

etāni rasanāmāni tathānyāni yathā śive .. yathā śive ityanena

śivaparyāyāṇāmapi rasavācakatvam .. * .. atha rasalakṣaṇam .

antaḥ sunīlo bahirujjvalo yo madhyāhnasūryapratimaprakāśaḥ .

śasto’tha dhūmraḥ paripāṇḍaraśca citro na yojyo rasakarmasiddhau ..

nāgo vaṅgo malo vahniścāñcalyañca viṣaṁ giriḥ . asahyāgnirmahādoṣā

nisargāḥ pārade sthitāḥ .. vraṇaṁ kuṣṭhaṁ tathā jāḍyaṁ dāhaṁ vīryasya

nāśanam . maraṇaṁ jaḍatāṁ sphoṭaṁ kurvantyete kramānnṛṇām ..

tasmādrasasya saṁśuddhiṁ vidadhyādbhiṣajāṁ varaḥ .

śuddho’yamamṛtaṁ sākṣāddoṣayukto raso viṣam ..

śataṁ pañcāśataṁ vāpi pañcaviṁśaddaśaiva ca .

pañcaikaṁ vā palañcaiva palārdhaṁ karṣameva ca ..

karṣānnyūno na kartavyo rasasaṁskāra uttamaḥ .

prayogeṣu ca sarveṣu yathālābhaṁ prakalpayet ..

śubhe’hni viṣṇuṁ paricintya kuryāt samyakkumārīvaṭukārcanañca .

sulohapāṣāṇasamudbhave’smin dṛḍhe ca vedāṅguligarbhamātre ..

sutaptakhalve nijamantrayuktāṁ vidhāya rakṣāṁ sthirasārabuddhiḥ .

ananyacittaḥ śivabhaktiyuktaḥ samācaret karmarasasya tajjñaḥ ..

aghorebhyo’tha ghorebhyo ghoraghoratarebhyaśca .

sarvataḥ sarvasarvebhyo namaste rudrarūpibhyaḥ .. iti rakṣāmantraḥ

.. iti vaidyakarasendrasārasaṁgrahe jāraṇamāraṇādhikāre ..

vistṛtavivṛtirasya pāradaśabde’bhihitā .. śirālasaḥ . tatparyāyo yathā —

kapināmā kapitailaṁ kṛtrimaṁ kapilaścalaḥ .

turuṣko muktimuktaśca piṇḍāteḥ sihlako rasaḥ .. hiṅgulam ..

tatparyāyo yathā —

raktaṁ markaṭaśīrṣañca hiṅgulaṁ darado rasaḥ .. iti

vaidyakaratnamālāyām ..)

Böhtlingk und Roth: Großes Petersburger Wörterbuch

ṣaṭtva (von ṣaṣ) n. “Sechszahl” P. 5, 2, 29, Vārtt. 7.

Cappeller, Carl: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, based upon the St.

Petersburg Lexicons. Strassburg : 1891

ṣaṭtva n. the number six.

abl. “ṣaḍbhyas”, gen. “ṣaṇṇām” loc. “ṣaṭsu”; in comp. “ṣaṣ” becomes

“ṣaṭ” before hard letters, “ṣaḍ” before soft, “ṣo” before “d”, which is

changed into “ḍ”, and “ṇ” before nasals) six (with the counted object in

apposition or exceptionally in gen. or ifc. e.g. “ṣaḍ ṛtavah”, or “ṣaḍ

ṛtunām”, “the six seasons”, “ṣaṭsu” “ṣatsu māseṣu”, “at periods of six

months” viii 403 at the end of a Bahuvrihi compound it is declined like

other words ending in “ṣ”, e. g. “priya-ṣaṣas” nom. pl. ; among the words

used as expressions for the number six (esp. in giving dates) are “aṅga,

darśana, tarka, rasa, ṛtu” “vajrakoṇa” “kārttikeya-mukha”) &c.&c.

ṣaṣ mfn. (in gram) a tech. N. for numerals ending in “ṣ” and “n” and

words like “kati”

ṣaṣ mfn. (“ṣaṭ”) ind. six times ‘sex’; Goth. ‘saihs’; Germ. ‘sehs’, ‘sechs’;

Eng. ‘six’.]

Apte, Vaman Shivaram: The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Poona :

1890

ṣaṣ num. a. (used in pl., nom. ṣaṭ; gen. ṣaṇṇāṁ) Six; Ms. 1. 16, 8, 403.

— Comp.

–akṣīṇaḥ (ṣaḍakṣīṇaḥ) a fish.

–aṁgaṁ (ṣaḍaṁgaṁ) 1. six parts of the body taken collectively:

jaṁghe bāhū śiro madhyaṁ ṣaḍaṁgamidamucyate. –2. the six works

auxiliary to the Veda; śikṣā kalpo vyākaraṇaṁ niruktaṁ chaṁdasāṁ citiḥ .

jyotiṣāmayanaṁ caiva ṣaḍaṁgo veda ucyate; see vedāṁga also. –3. six

auspicious things, i. e. the six things obtained from a cow: gomūtraṁ

gomayaṁ kṣīraṁ sarpirdadhi ca rocanā . ṣaḍagametan māṁgalyaṁ

paṭhitaṁ sarvadā gavām. –3. any set of six articles. -jit m. N. of Viṣṇu.

–aṁghriḥ (ṣaḍaṁghriḥ) a bee.

–adhika a. (ṣaḍadhika) exceeded by six; Mal. 5. 1.

–abhijñaḥ (ṣaḍabhijñaḥ) a Buddhist deified saint.

–aśīta a. (ṣaḍaśīta) eighty-sixth.

–aśītaḥ f. (ṣaḍaśītiḥ) eighty-six.

–ahaḥ (ṣaḍahaḥ) a period of six days.

–ānanaḥ, –vaktraḥ, –vadanaḥ (ṣaḍānanaḥ, ṣaḍvaktraḥ,

ṣaḍvadanaḥ) epithets of Kārtikeya; ṣaḍānanāpītapayodharāsu netā

camūnāmiva kṛttikāsu R. 14. 22.

–āmnāyaḥ (ṣaḍāmnāyaḥ) the six-fold Tantra.

–ūṣaṇaṁ (ṣaḍūṣaṇaṁ) six spices taken collectively; paṁcakrolaṁ

samaricaṁ ṣaḍūṣaṇamudāhṛtam. –karṇa a. (ṣaṭkarṇa) heard by six ears;

i. e. by a third person other than the speaker and the person spoken to,

told to more than one listener (as a counsel, secret &c.); ṣaṭkarṇo

bhidyate maṁtraḥ Pt. 1. 99. (

–rṇaḥ) a kind of lute.

–karman n. (ṣaṭkarman) 1. the six acts or duties enjoined on a

Brāhmaṇa; they are: adhyāpanamadhyayanaṁ yajanaṁ yājanaṁ tathā .

dānaṁ pratigrahaścaiva ṣaṭkarmāṇyagrajanmanaḥ Ms. 10. 75. –2. the six

acts allowable to a Brahmaṇa for his subsistence; uṁchaṁ pratigraho

bhikṣā vāṇijyaṁ paśupālana . kṛṣikarma tathā ceti

ṣaṭkarmāṇyagrajanmanaḥ … –3. the six acts that may be performed by

means of magic; śāti, vaśakiraṇa, staṁbhata, vidveṣa, uccāṭana, and

māraṇa. –4. the six acts belonging to the practice of Yoga; dhautirvastī

tathā netī nīlikī (naulikī) trāṭakastathā . kapālabhātī caitāni ṣaṭkarmāṇi

samācaret. (–m.) 1. a Brāhmaṇa skilled in the above six acts. –2. one

well-versed in the Tantra magical rites.

–koṇa a. (ṣaṭakoṇa) hexangular. (

–ṇaṁ) 1. a hexagon. –2. the thunderbolt of Indra.

–gayā the sixfold gayā; gayāgajo gayādityo gāyatrī ca gadādharaḥ

. gayā gayāsuraścaiva ṣaḍgayā muktidāyakāḥ … –gavaṁ (ṣaḍgavaṁ) 1.

a team or yoke of six oxen. –2. a yoke of six (sometimes after the names

of other animals); e. g. hasti-, aśva- ‘six elephants, horses &c.’.

–guṇa a. (ṣaḍguṇa) 1. sixfold. –2. having six attributes. (

–ṇaṁ) an assemblage of six qualities. –2. the six expedients to be

used by a king in foreign polities; see under guṇa

(21); cf. ṣāḍguṇya also. –graṁthi n. (ṣaḍgraṁthi) the root of long

pepper. –grāṁthikā (ṣaḍgraṁthikā) zedoary (śaṭhī). –cakraṁ

(ṣaṭcakraṁ) the six mystical circles of the body. –catvāriṁśat

(ṣaṭcatvāriṁśat) forty-six. –caraṇaḥ (ṣaṭcaraṇaḥ) 1. a bee; S. 1. 23. –2.

a locust. –3. a louse. –jaḥ (ṣaḍjaḥ) the fourth (or first according to

some) of the seven primary notes of the Indian gamut; so called because

it is derived from the six organs: –nāsāṁ kaṁṭhamurastālu jihvāṁ

datāṁśca saṁspṛśan . ṣaḍjaḥ saṁjāyate (ṣaḍbhyaḥ saṁjāyate)

yasmāttasmāt ṣaḍja iti smṛtaḥ; it is asid to resemble the note of

peacocks; ṣaḍjaṁ rauti mayūrastu Nārada; ṣaḍjasaṁvāditīḥ kekāḥ dvidhā

bhinnāḥ śivaṁḍibhiḥ R. 1. 39. –triṁśat f. (ṣaṭtriṁśat) thirty-six;

(ṣaṭtriṁśa a. thirtysixth). –darśanaṁ (ṣaḍadarśanaṁ) the six principal

systems of Hindu philosophy; they are: sāṁkhya, yoga, nyāya, vaiśeṣika,

mīmāṁsā, and vedāṁta. (–naḥ) one conversant with the above six

systems. –dīrghaḥ the six long vowels: ā, ī, ū, ai, and au. –durgaṁ

(ṣaḍdurgaṁ) the six kinds of forts taken collectively; dhanvadurgaṁ

mahīdurgaṁ giridurgaṁ tathaiva ca . manuṣyadurgaṁ mṛddurgaṁ

vanadurgāmiti kramāt .. –navati f. (ṣaṇṇavatiḥ) ninety-six. –paṁcāśat f.

(ṣaṭpaṁcāśat) fifty-six. –padaḥ (ṣaṭpadaḥ) 1. a bee; na paṁkajaṁ

tadyadalīnaṣaṭdaṁ na ṣaṭpado’sau na juguṁja yaḥ kalaṁ Bk. 2. 19; Ku.

5. 9; R. 6. 69. –2. a louse. –3. a verse consisting of six padas. -atithiḥ 1.

the mango tree. –2. the Champaka tree. -ānaṁdavardhanaḥ the Aśoka or

Kiṅkirāta tree. -jya a. having bees for the bow-string (as the bow of

Cupid); prāyaścāpaṁ na vahati bhayānmanmathaḥ ṣaṭpadajyaṁ Me. 73.

-priyaḥ the tree called nāgakeśara. –padī (ṣaṭpadī) 1. a stanza consisting

of six lines. –2. a female bee. –3. a louse. –prajñaḥ (ṣaṭprajñaḥ) 1. one

who is well acquainted with six subjects; i. e. the four Puruṣārthas or

objects of human existence, the nature of the world, and the nature of

the Supreme Spirit; dharmāryakāmamokṣeṣu lokatattvārthayorapi . ṣaṭsu

prajñā tu yasyāsau ṣaṭprajñaḥ parikīrtitaḥ … –2. a lustful or licentious

man. –biṁduḥ (ṣaḍbiṁduḥ) an epithet of Viṣṇu. –bhāgaḥ (ṣaḍbhāgaḥ) a

sixth part, onesixth; S. 2. 13; Ms. 7. 131, 8. 33. –bhuja a. (ṣaḍbhuja) 1.

six-armed. –2. six-sided, hexagonal. (–jaḥ) a hexagon. (–jā) 1. an

epithet of Durgā. –2. the water-melon. –māsaḥ (ṣaṇmāsaḥ) a period of

six months. –māsika a. (ṣaṇmāsika) half-yearly, occurring every six

months. –mukhaḥ (ṣaṇmukhaḥ) an epithet of Kārtikeya; R. 17. 67. (–

khā) a water-melon. –rasaṁ, –rasāḥ (m. pl.) (ṣaḍrasaṁ &c.) the six

flavours taken collectively; see under rasa. –rātraṁ (ṣaḍrātraṁ) a period

of six nights. –rekhā (ṣaḍrekhā) a water-melon. –vargaḥ (ṣaḍvargaḥ) 1

an aggregate of six things. –2. especially, the six enemies of mankind;

(also called ṣaḍripu); kāmaḥ krodhastathā lobho madamohau ca

matsaraḥ; kṛtāriṣaḍvargajayena Ki. 1. 9; vyajeṣṭa ṣaḍvargaṁ Bk. 1. 2. —

viṁśatiḥ f. (ṣaḍviṁśatiḥ) twenty-six; (ṣaḍviṁśa twentysixth). –vidha

(ṣaḍvidha)) a. of six kinds, sixfold; R. 4. 26. –śāstrin m. one conversant

with the six Śāstras or darśanas. –ṣaṣṭiḥ f. (ṣaṭṣaṣṭiḥ) sixty-six. —

saptatiḥ (ṣaṭsaptatiḥ) seventy-six.

Böhtlingk und Roth: Großes Petersburger Wörterbuch

ṣaṣ 1) “sechs” NIR. 4, 27. nom. acc. ṣaṭ, instr. ṣaḍbhis, dat. abl.

ṣaḍbhyas, gen. ṣaṇṇām, loc. ṣaṭsu VOP. 2, 27. 3, 149. P. 7, 1, 55. 8, 4,

42. – ṚV. 1, 23, 15. 164, 15. 3, 56, 2. AV. 8, 9, 16. 17. 23. 10, 8, 5. ŚAT.

BR. 11, 3, 2, 1. 5, 4, 7. 12, 2, 2, 3. rajāṁsi ṚV. 1, 164, 6. urvīḥ 6, 47, 3.

ṛṣayaḥ AV. 8, 9, 7. ṣaḍaśītayaḥ 11, 3, 21. ṣaṭsahasrā ṚV. 7, 18, 14.

ṛtavaḥ VS. 9, 32. ŚAT. BR. 2, 1, 1, 13. ṣaḍṛtutā NIR. 4, 27. ṛtvijaḥ Schol.

zu KĀTY. ŚR. 6, 6, 28. rasāḥ SUŚR. 2, 548, 1. VĀGBH. 1, 10, 42. KĀTY.

ŚR. 5, 3, 13. 9, 25. KAUŚ. 51. 53. ĀŚV. GṚHY. 2, 5, 6. 4, 8, 20. TS. PRĀT.

1, 9. M. 1, 17. 61. 3, 217. 269. guṇāḥ Spr. (II) 6614. doṣāḥ 6615. ṛtūnāṁ

ṣaṭsamatyayuḥ R. 1, 19, 1. ṣaḍbhis KATHĀS. 20, 88. RĀJA-TAR. 1, 54.

TRIK. 2, 2, 2. ṣaṭsu ṣaṭsu ca māseṣu M. 8, 403. ṣaṇṇām 1, 16. 10, 76. 12,

86. Spr. (II) 6616. fg. ṣaṇmanūnām Verz. d. B. H. No. 834. ṣaḍāśrita Ind.

St. 2, 66. likhyāṣadbhiśca (= likhyāṣaṭkena) sarṣapaḥ ŚABDAC. (s. u.

likhya). Am Ende eines adj. comp. angeblich wie andere Wörter auf ṣa

declinirt: priyaṣaṣas nom. pl. P. 7, 1, 22, Schol. priyaṣaṣām gen. pl. 55,

Schol. — 2) Bez. “einer Klasse von Zahlwörtern” (ṣaṣ selbst und die auf n

und snati ausgehenden) P. 1, 1, 24. fg. 4, 1, 10. 6, 1, 179. 7, 1, 22. 55.

AK. 3, 6, 8, 46. — 3) ṣaṭ adv. “sechsmal”: pracarataḥ ŚAT. BR. 4, 3, 1, 10.

13. KĀTY. ŚR. 9, 13, 13.

Benfey, Theodor: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. London : 1866

ṣaṣ ṣaṣ, for original svakṣ, numeral adj. Six, Man. 1, 16; cf. ṣaṣ-bhāga.

— Comp. dvi-, twelve Bhāg. P. 4, 1, 7.

— Cf. Lat. sex; [greek] Goth. saihs; A.S. scox, six, sex.

Cappeller, Carl: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, based upon the St.

Petersburg Lexicons. Strassburg : 1891

ṣaṣ pl. (nom. ṣaṭ) six; ṣaṭ also as adv. six times.

Macdonell, Arthur Anthony: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. London : 1893

ṣaṣ ṣaṣ, num. pl. (nm., ac. ṣaṭ) six (exceptionally used as a N. with g. or

-°).

Bhaṭṭācārya: Vācaspatyam (6 Vol). Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series 94,

reprint of the 1873-1884 edition. Varanasi : 1962

ṣaṣ tri° ba° va° . ṣo–kvip pṛṣo . (chaya) saṅkhyābhede vyākaraṇokte

1ḍatipratyayāntakatyādau ṣānte nānte saṅkhyāvācake ca 2 śabde ca

ṣṇāntāḥ ṣaṭ ḍati ca pā° . ṣajbhyo luk pā° na ṣaṭasvāsradibhyaḥ pā°

stiyāṁ na ṅīp . ṣaṭsaṁjñakā striṣu samāyuṣmadasmattiṅavyayam amaraḥ

. triṣvityadhikāreṇa triṣu samā iti siddhe punaḥ kathanaṁ triṣu

samānarūpatāpratipādanārtham . tathā hi vaiyākaraṇamate tiṅaḥ

pathamāntasāmānādhikaraṇyaniyamāt viśeṣyaviśeṣaṇayāḥ

samānaliṅgatve prāpte tataḥ striyāṁ ṭābādiprasaktau tannidhedhaḥ tena

strī pacati ityādau ikāntaratvāt na ṅīp . striyaḥ apacan ityādau ca na ṅīp .

strī apacata ityādau na ṭāp . kulaṁ pacate ityādau klovatvena na hrasvaḥ

. avyayasya liṅgaśūnyatve’pi hrasva ṭābādiśūnya tvārthaṁ triṣu

samānarūpoktiḥ . tena hāśabdasya nindanīyaparatve hā pāpamityādau na

hrasvaḥ . kaṣṭasādhyaparatve ahaha saṁsārapāragatirityādau na ṭāp iti

bodhyam ityantasya kati striyaḥ ityādau na ṅīp .

ṣaṣṭika m. or (“ā”) f. a kind of rice of quick growth (ripening in about 60

days) &c.

ṣaṣṭika n. the number 60

Apte, Vaman Shivaram: The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Poona :

1890

ṣaṣṭika a. Bought with sixty. –kaḥ –kā A kind of rice of quick growth.

Böhtlingk und Roth: Großes Petersburger Wörterbuch

ṣaṣṭika m. n. gaṇa ardharcādi zu P. 2, 4, 31. 1) m. “in sechzig Tagen

reifender Reis” (vulgo sāṭhī) P. 5, 1, 90. AK. 2, 9, 24. H. 1168. MBH. 13,

5971. SUŚR. 1, 73, 4. 156, 20. 195, 15. 19. 2, 41, 1. ṣaṣṭiko vrīhiṣu

śreṣṭhaḥ VĀGBH. 1, 6, 7. COLEBR. Alg. 316. VARĀH. BṚH. S. 29, 3. –

piṣṭayoga 76, 9. ṣaṣṭikānna 51, 30. ṣaṣṭikaudana 76, 8. MBH. 13, 3265.

SUŚR. 1, 357, 8. gaura und kṛṣṇagaura CARAKA 1, 27. Vgl. kṣīra-. — 2) f.

ā dass. TITHYĀDIT. und VĀCASPATIMIŚRA im ŚKDR. SUŚR. 1, 228, 10.

— 3) n. “Sechzigzahl, sechzig” VARĀH. BṚH. S. 32, 31.

Benfey, Theodor: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. London : 1866

ṣaṣṭika ṣaṣṭi + ka,

I. adj. Bought with sixty.

II. m., and f. kā, A kind of rice of quick growth.

Cappeller, Carl: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, based upon the St.

Petersburg Lexicons. Strassburg : 1891

ṣaṣṭika n. the number sixty, sixty.

Bhaṭṭācārya: Vācaspatyam (6 Vol). Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series 94,

reprint of the 1873-1884 edition. Varanasi : 1962

ṣaṣṭika pu° aṣṭyā ahobhiḥ pacyate kan . (ṣāṭiyā) 1 dhānyabhede amaraḥ .

tatrārtha strītvamapi ṣaṣṭikā kālaśākañca mūlañca kemu tarat ti° ta° .

ṣaṣṭyā krītaḥ kan . 2 ṣaṣṭimaṁkhyātadravyakrīte tri° .